Human smuggling (Topical Term)

Work cat.: Global human smuggling: comparative perspectives, 2001.

Chin, Ko-lin. Smuggled Chinese: clandestine immigration to the United States, 1999.

Web site, European Council on Refugees and Exiles, July 21, 2003 (An overview of proposals addressing migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons: the term "trafficking" tends to describe movements of individuals against their will, whereas "smuggling" refers to voluntary movement on the part of the migrant; in the UN smuggling protocol, smuggling is defined as "... the procurement of the illegal entry into or illegal residence of a person in a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.")

NY Times, August 13, 2003 (people smugglers; immigrant smuggling)

WWW, August 13, 2003 (people smuggling)

Here are entered works on facilitating the unauthorized entry of noncitizens into a country with the objective of making a profit. Works on the coercive commercial trade in human beings for the purpose of sexual or other exploitation are entered under Human trafficking.

Note under Human trafficking