The insects : structure and function / R.F. Chapman

Includes bibliographical references and indexes

Table Of Contents: Preface Acknowledgments PART I The Head, Ingestion, Utilization and Distribution of Food Head Head Neck Antennae References Mouthparts and feeding Ectognathous mouthparts Mechanics and control of feeding Regulation of feeding The consequences of feeding Head glands References Alimentary canal, digestion and absorption Alimentary canal Passage of food through the gut Digestion Absorption Efficiency of digestion and absorption References Nutrition Nutritional requirements Balance of nutrients Feeding on nutritionally poor substrates Nutritional effects on growth and development References Circulatory system, blood and immune system Circulatory system Hemolymph Immunity Connective tissue References Fat body Structure Functions Reference PART II The Thorax and Locomotion Thrax Segmentation Thrax References Legs and locomotion Basic structure of the legs Modifications of the basic leg structure Maintenance of stance Locomotion Locomotion in aquatic insects References Wings and flight Occurrence and structure of wings Modification of the wings Wing coupling Articulation of the wings with the thorax Sensilla on the wings and the halteres Muscles associated with the wings Mechanisms of wing movement Movements of the wings Aerodynamics Control of wingbeat Stability in flight Power for flight References Muscles Structure Changes during development Muscle contraction Muscular control in the intact insect References PART III The Abdomen, Reproduction and Development Abdomen Segmentation Abdominal appendages and outgrowths References Reproductive system: male Anatomy of the internal reproductive organs Spermatozoa Transfer of sperm to the female Other effects of mating Sperm capacitation References Reproductive system: female Anatomy of the internal reproductive organs Oogenesis Ovulation Fertilization of the egg Oviposition References The egg and embryology The egg Embryology Viviparity Polyembryony Parthenogenesis Pedogenesis References Postembryonic development Hatching Larval development Metamorphosis Control of postembryonic development Polyphenism Diapause References PART IV The Integument, Gas Exchange and Homeostasis Integument Epidermis Basic structure of cuticle Different types of cuticle Molting Cuticle formation Expansion of the new cuticle Changes in the intermoult cuticle Functions of the cuticle References Gaseous exchange Tracheal system Spiracles Cutaneous respiration Gaseous exchange in terrestrial insects Gaseous exchange in aquatic insects Insects subject to occasional submersion Gas exchange in endo-parasitic insects Other functions of the tracheal system Respiratory pigments References Excretion and salt and water regulation Excretory system Nitrogenous excretion Urine production Water regulation Non-excretory functions of the Malpighian tubules Nephrocytes Detoxification References Thermal relations Body temperature Thermoregulation Behavior and survival at low temperatures Activity and survival at high temperatures Acclimation Cryptobiosis Temperature and humidity receptors Temperature-related changes in the nervous system References PART V Communication A. Physiological Co-ordination Within the Insect Nervous system Basic components Basic functioning Anatomy of the nervous system Brain Controlling behavior References Endocrine system Chemical structure of hormones Endocrine organs Transport of hormones Regulation of hormone titer Mode of action of hormones References B. Perception of the Environment Vision Compound eyes Functioning of the eye Vision Dorsal ocelli Stemmata Other visual receptors References Mechanoreception Cuticular mechanoreceptors Chordotonal organs Stretch receptors References Chemoreception Olfaction Contact chemoreception References C. Communication with Other Organisms Visual signals: color and light production The nature of color Physical colors Pigmentary colors The colors of insects Color change Significance of color Light production References Mechanical communication: producing sound and substrate vibrations Mechanisms producing vibrations Signal transmission Patterns of vibrational signals Neural regulation of sound production Significance of vibrational signals References Chemical communication: pheromones and chemicals with interspecific significance Pheromones Secretions with interspecific significance References Taxonomic index Subject index