Mechanics of fiber and textile reinforced cement composites / Barzin Mobasher

Includes bibliographical references and index

Contents Preface Author chapter 1 Cement-Based Composites-A Case for Sustainable Construction Introduction Cement and Concrete Production Current Trends Structure of This Book Textile Reinforced and High-Volume Content Cement Composites Development of Design Methodologies for Fiber Reinforced Composites Sustainability-The Main Driver for New Materials and Design Methods Is the Economy of Construction System References chapter 2 Historical Aspects of Conventional Fiber Reinforced Concrete Systems Introduction Prehistoric Developments Asbestos Cement Hatscheck Process Ferrocement Cement Composites in Modular and Panelized Construction Systems Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Cellulose Fibers Continuous Fiber Systems Thin Section Composites Using Textiles References chapter 3 Ductile Cement Composite Systems Introduction Mechanics of Toughening Macro-Defect-Free Cements Ductile Composites with High-Volume Fiber Contents Extrusion Compression Molding Spin Casting Mixing High-Volume Fraction Composites Composites Using Continuous Fibers and Textiles Mesh Reinforced Cementitious Sheets Pultrusion Matrix Phase Modifications Rapid Setting Fly Ash Calcium Hydroxide Reduction Rheology Hybrid Short Fiber Reinforcement Hybrid Reinforcement: Woven Mesh and Discrete Fibers Conclusions References chapter 4 Textile Reinforcement in Composite Materials Introduction Terminology and Classifications Systems Fiber and Fabric Terminology Composites AR Glass Fibers Kevlar Carbon Filaments and Yarns Textile Reinforced Composites Textile Fibers Textile Forms Monofilaments (25-200 μm, Continuous) Whiskers (<1 μm, Discontinuous) Textile Terminology Scrims Stitch-Bonded Fabrics Leno Weave Technique Analysis of Woven Textile Composites Composite Moduli in Textile Reinforcements Modeling of Textile Composites at the Representative Volume Level Mechanical Strength and Damage Accumulation References chapter 5 Single Yarns in Woven Textiles: Characterization of Geometry and Length Effects Introduction Kevlar Fabric Single Yarn Tensile Tests Weibull Analysis References chapter 6 Introduction to Mechanics of Composite Materials Introduction Volume Fraction Composite Density Nature of Load Sharing and Load Transfer Computation of Transverse Stiffness Strength of a Lamina Case Study 1: Matrix Fails First, Governs Case Study 2: Four Stages of Cracking Laminated Composites Stiffness of an Off-Axis Ply Ply Discount Method Failure Criteria Maximum Stress Theory Interactive Failure Criterion, Tsai[–]Hill References chapter 7 Mechanical Testing and Characteristic Responses Introduction Concepts of Closed-Loop Testing Components and Parameters of CLC The Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller Actuators and Servomechanism Hydraulic Actuators and Servovalves Servohydraulic Testing Machines The Electronics Compression Test Uniaxial Tension Test Flexure Test Fracture Tests Cyclic Test Compliance-Based Approach Mechanical Performance-Test Methods for Measurement of Toughness of FRC Round Panel Tests Fatigue Tests Impact Resistance Restrained Shrinkage Aging and Weathering References chapter 8 Fiber Pullout and Interfacial Characterization Introduction Significance of Interfacial Modeling Analytical Derivation for Fiber Pullout Fiber and Textile Composites Pullout Response in Elastic Stage (Stage 1) Pullout Response in the Nonlinear Stage (Stage 2) Pullout Response in Dynamic Stage (Stage 3) Algorithm for Pullout Simulation Single-Fiber Pullout Experiments Textile Pullout Tests Energy Dissipation during Pullout Finite Element Simulation Fracture-Based Approach Strain Energy Release Rate Modeling of the Transverse Yarn Anchorage Mechanism Finite Difference Approach for the Anchorage Model Characterization of Interfacial Aging Theoretical Modeling of Interfacial Aging Conclusions References chapter 9 Fracture Process in Quasi-Brittle Materials Introduction Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Stress Intensity Factor and Fracture Toughness Fracture Process Zone Equivalent Elastic Cracks Cohesive Crack Models Closing Pressure Formulations R-Curve Approach Derivation of R-Curves Alternative Forms of R-Curves Stress[–]Crack Width Relationship Stress Intensity Approach Using Fiber Pullout or Stress[–]Crack Width Termination of Stable Crack Growth Range Toughening under Steady-State Condition Discrete Fiber Approach Using Fiber Pullout for Toughening Comparison with Experimental Results Simulation of Glass Fiber Concrete Compliance-Based Approach References chapter 10 Tensile Response of Continuous and Cross-Ply Composites Introduction Specimen Preparation (0/90) Composite Laminates (+45) Composite Laminates Compression Response PP Fiber Laminates Flexural Response Microstructural Damage and Toughness References chapter 11 Inelastic Analysis of Cement Composites Using Laminate Theory Introduction Stiffness of a Lamina Stiffness of a Ply along Material Direction Ply Discount Method Damage-Based Modeling Using a Nonlinear-Incremental Approach Failure Criteria for Lamina Generalized Load Displacement for the Composite Response Performance of Model: Simulation of Tensile Load Simulation of Flexural Results References chapter 12 Tensile and Flexural Properties of Hybrid Cement Composites Introduction Manufacturing Techniques and Materials Experimental Program Specimen Preparation Flexural Three-Point Bending Tests Direct Tension Tests Brittle Fibers Ductile Fibers Hybrid Composites Tension Results Comparison of Injection Molding and Compression Molding Fracture Resistance Curves Conclusion References chapter 13 Correlation of Distributed Damage with Stiffness Degradation Mechanisms Introduction Role of Microcracking Cement Composites in Tension Tensile Response of Textile Reinforced Cement Composites Crack Spacing Measurement Imaging Procedures for Measurement of Crack Spacing Effect of Fabric Type Effect of Mineral Admixtures Effect of Accelerated Aging Rheology and Microstructure Effect of Curing Effects of Pressure Microcrack[–]Textile Interaction Mechanisms Conclusions References chapter 14 Flexural Model for Strain-Softening and Strain-Hardening Composites Introduction Correlation of Tensile and Flexural Strength from Weibull Statistics Perspective Derivation of Closed-Form Solutions for Moment[–]Curvature Diagram Stage 1: (0 < β < 1) and (λ < ω) Stage 2: 1 < β < α Stage 3: β > α Stage 3.1: β > α and λ < ω Stage 3.2: β > α and ω < λ < λcu Simplified Expressions for Moment[–]Curvature Relations Case 2.1: 1 < β < ρ and 0 < λ < ω Case 3.1: α < β < βtu and 0 < λ < ω Crack Localization Rules Algorithm to Predict Load[–]Deflection Response of the Four-Point Bending Test Parametric Study of Material Parameters Prediction of Load[–]Deformation Response Steel FRC Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) AR Glass and PE Textile Reinforced Cement Composites Closed-Form Moment[–]Curvature Solutions for FRC Beams with Reinforcement Parametric Studies Conclusions Nomenclature Subscripts References chapter 15 Back-Calculation Procedures of Material Properties from Flexural Tests Introduction

Case A: Tension Data Are Unavailable Case A1: Inverse Analysis of Load[–]Deflection Response of Polymeric Fibers Case A2: Inverse Analysis Load[–]Deflection Response of Macro-PP-FRC (English System) Data Reduction by the ARS Method and RILEM Test Method Case B: Tension Data Are Available, Forward and Back Calculation Case B1: Glass FRC Case B2: Simulation of Steel FRC AR Glass Fiber Concrete Comparison with the RILEM Approach Conclusion References chapter 16 Modeling of Fiber Reinforced Materials Using Finite Element Method Introduction Model Concrete Structure with ABAQUS Implicit or Explicit Analysis Types Element Quasi-Static Simulation Concrete Model in ABAQUS Calculation of Moment[–]Curvature Response Nodal Calculation Element Calculation Implementation of the User Material Model Inverse Analysis of FRC Finite Element Simulation of Round Panel Test Simulation Result Moment[–]Curvature Relationship for Rigid Crack Model Modeling of Round Panel Test with Rigid Crack Model Elastic Range (Ma<mcr)< td="" style="font-family: Calibri, "Lucida Grande", Arial, sans-serif !important;"></mcr)<> Plastic Range (Ma>Mcr) Prediction of Load[–]Deflection Response Summary References chapter 17 Flexural Design of Strain-Softening Fiber Reinforced Concrete Introduction Strain-Softening FRC Model Moment[–]Curvature Response Bilinear Moment[–]Curvature Diagram Allowable Tensile Strain Ultimate Moment Capacity Minimum Postcrack Tensile Capacity for Flexure Hybrid Reinforcement Conversion Design Chart Deflection Calculation for Serviceability Minimum Postcrack Tensile Strength for Shrinkage and Temperature Design Examples Design Example 1: Slab on Grade Equivalent Moment Capacity with SFRC, f1'c = 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) Equivalent Tensile Capacity Design Example 2: Equivalent Reinforced Slab with Various Steel Yield Strengths Step 1: Calculate Existing Moment Capacity Based on 1-Ft. Strip Step 2: Calculate Normalized Ultimate Moment Step 3: Determine Postcrack Tensile Strength Using Simplified Equation Design Example 3: Simply Supported Slab with Serviceability Criteria Ultimate Moment Capacity Check Tensile Strain Limit Short-Term Deflection Stress Distributions Design Example 4: Four-Span Floor Slab Moment Capacity Shear Capacity Design Example 5: Retaining Wall Design Example 6: Design with Macropolymeric Fibers Problem Formulation Proposed Approach Moment Capacity of a 7-In.-Thick Reinforced Concrete Slab Replace the Moment Capacity with Macropolymeric Fiber, f'c = 4000 psi Replace Tensile Capacity Moment Capacity of an 8-In.-Thick Reinforced Concrete Slab Replace the Moment Capacity with Macrofibers, f'c = 4000 psi Replace Tensile Capacity Conclusions References chapter 18 Fiber Reinforced Aerated Concrete Introduction AFRC Production Density and Compressive Strength Relationship Flexural Response Pore Structure References chapter 19 Sisal Fiber Reinforced Composites Introduction Sisal Fiber Composites Stress[–]Strain Behavior and Cracking Mechanisms Flexural Response Fatigue Fiber Matrix Pullout Behavior Tension Stiffening Model References chapter 20 Restrained Shrinkage Cracking Introduction Review of Drying Shrinkage Testing Methods Plastic Shrinkage Cracking Restrained Shrinkage Cracking Restrained Drying Shrinkage Test Methodology Modeling Restrained Shrinkage Cracking Lattice Models Lamina Model Moisture Diffusion and Free Shrinkage Effect of Creep in Restrained Shrinkage Cracking Age-Dependent Concrete Strength Equilibrium and Compatibility Conditions Stress[–]Strain Development Parametric Study Comparison of Experimental Data and Simulations Conclusions References chapter 21 Flexural Impact Test Introduction Experimental Program Material Properties and Mix Design AR Glass Composite Sisal Fiber Composites Drop Weight Impact Setup Dynamic Calibration Results and Discussions AR Glass Composite Effect of Drop Height Effect of Number of Lamina and Specimen Orientation Energy Absorption Sisal Fiber Composites Discussions References chapter 22 Textile Composites for Repair and Retrofit Introduction Comparison of FRP Systems with Textile Reinforced Concrete Experimental Program Materials Tests Structural Tests Tensile Properties Structural Tests of Masonry Walls Conclusions References chapter 23 Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints Using Textile Cement Composites Introduction Experimental Program Material Properties Experimental Results Behavior of the Specimens Absorbed Energy Total Energy Dissipated Energy Recovery Energy Stiffness Degradation Conclusions References chapter 24 Dynamic Tensile Characteristics of Textile Cement Composites Introduction Dynamic Tensile Testing Dynamic Testing of Cement Composites Experimental Methodology Fabric-Cement Composites Dynamic Loading Devices and Technique Data Processing Method for Dynamic Tensile Testing Dynamic Characterization Results and Discussions Unidirectional Sisal Fiber Reinforced Composite Fabric Reinforced Composites Cracking and Failure Behavior Microstructural Features Conclusions References Index