Essentials of materials science and engineering / Donald R. Askeland, Pradeep P. Fulay, D. K. Battacharya.

Includes index.

Table Of Contents: Preface About the Authors Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering Introduction What is Materials Science and Engineering? Classification of Materials Functional Classification of Materials Classification of Materials Based on Structure Environmental and Other Effects Materials Design and Selection Summary Glossary Problems Atomic Structure Introduction The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance The Structure of the Atom The Electronic Structure of the Atom The Periodic Table Atomic Bonding Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing Summary Glossary Problems Atomic and lonic Arrangements Introduction Short-Range Order versus Long-Range Order Amorphous Materials: Principles and Technological Applications Lattice, Unit Cells, Basis, and Crystal Structures Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations Points, Directions, and Planes in the Unit Cell Interstitial Sites Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials Covalent Structures Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis Summary Glossary Problems Imperfections in the Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Introduction Point Defects Other Point Defects Dislocations Significance of Dislocations Schmid's Law Influence of Crystal Structure Surface Defects Importance of Defects Summary Glossary Problems Atom and Ion Movements in Materials Introduction Applications of Diffusion Stability of Atoms and Ions Mechanisms for Diffusion Activation Energy for Diffusion Rate of Diffusion (Fick's First Law) Factors Affecting Diffusion Permeability of Polymers Composition Profile (Fick's Second Law) Diffusion and Materials Processing Summary Glossary Problems Mechanical Properties: Fundamentals and Tensile, Hardness, and Impact Testing Introduction Technological Significance Terminology for Mechanical Properties The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test True Stress and True Strain The Bend Test for Brittle Materials Hardness of Materials Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior Properties Obtained from the Impact Test Summary Glossary Problems Fracture Mechanics, Fatigue, and Creep Behavior Introduction Fracture Mechanics The Importance of Fracture Mechanics Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis Fatigue Results of the Fatigue Test Application of Fatigue Testing Creep, Stress Rupture, and Stress Corrosion Evaluation of Creep Behavior Summary Glossary Problems Strain Hardening and Annealing Introduction Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve Strain-Hardening Mechanisms Properties versus Percent Cold Work Microstructure, Texture Strengthening, and Residual Stresses Characteristics of Cold Working The Three Stages of Annealing Control of Annealing Annealing and Materials Processing Hot Working Summary Glossary Problems Principles and Applications of Solidification Introduction Technological Significance Nucleation Growth Mechanisms Cooling Curves Cast Structure Solidification Defects Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components Continuous Casting, Ingot Casting, and Single Crystal Growth Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses Joining of Metallic Materials Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMG) Summary Glossary Problems Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium Introduction Phases and the Phase Diagram Solubility and Solid Solutions Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility Solid-Solution Strengthening Isomorphous Phase Diagrams Relationship Between Properties and the Phase Diagram Solidification of a Solid-Solution Alloy Summary Glossary Problems Dispersion Strengthening and Eutectic Phase Diagrams Introduction Principles and Examples of Dispersion Strengthening Intermetallic Compounds Phase Diagrams Containing Three-Phase Reactions The Eutectic Phase Diagram Strength of Eutectic Alloys Eutectics and Materials Processing Nonequilibrium Freezing in the Eutectic System Summary Glossary Problems Dispersion Strengthening by Phase Transformations and Heat Treatment Introduction Nucleation and Growth in Solid-State Reactions Alloys Strengthened by Exceeding the Solubility Limit Age or Precipitation Hardening Applications of Age-Hardened Alloys Microstructural Evolution in Age or Precipitation Hardening Effects of Aging Temperature and Time Requirements for Age Hardening Use of Age-Hardenable Alloys at High Temperatures The Eutectoid Reaction Controlling the Eutectoid Reaction The Martensitic Reaction and Tempering Summary Glossary Problems Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons Introduction Designations and Classification of Steels Simple Heat Treatments Isothermal Heat Treatments Quench and Temper Heat Treatments Effect of Alloying Elements Application of Hardenability Specialty Steels Surface Treatments Weldability of Steel Stainless Steels Cast Irons Summary Glossary Problems Nonferrous Alloys Introduction Aluminum Alloys Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys Copper Alloys Nickel and Cobalt Alloys Titanium Alloys Refractory and Precious Metals Summary Glossary Problems Ceramic Materials Introduction Applications of Ceramics Properties of Ceramics Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Powders Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics Inorganic Glasses Glass-Ceramics Processing and Applications of Clay Products Refractories Other Ceramic Materials Summary Glossary Problems Polymers Introduction Classification of Polymers Addition and Condensation Polymerization Degree of Polymerization Typical Thermoplastics Structure-Property Relationships in Thermoplastics Effect of Temperature on Thermoplastics Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics Elastomers (Rubbers) Thermosetting Polymers Adhesives Polymer Processing and Recycling Summary Glossary Problems Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials Introduction Dispersion-Strengthened Composites Particulate Composites Fiber-Reinforced Composites Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites Manufacturing Fibers and Composites Fiber-Reinforced Systems and Applications Laminar Composite Materials Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites Sandwich Structures Summary Glossary Problems Appendix A: Selected Physical Properties of Some Elements Appendix B: The Atomic and Ionic Radii of Selected Elements Answers to Selected Problems Index