TY  - BOOK
AU  - Petty,Michael C
TI  - Molecular electronics: from principles to practice 
T2  - Wiley series in materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications
SN  - 9780470013076
AV  - TK7874 .P457 2008
PY  - 2008///
CY  - Chichester, England, Hoboken, NJ
PB  - John Wiley and Sons
KW  - Molecular electronics
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; Series Preface.; Preface.; Acknowledgements.; Major Symbols and Abbreviations.; 1. Scope of Molecular Electronics.; 1.1 Introduction.; 1.2 Molecular Materials for Electronics.; 1.3 Molecular-scale Electronics.; 1.3.1 Evolution of Microelectronics.; 1.3.2 Moore's Laws.; 1.3.3 Beyond Moore.; 1.4 The Biological World.; 1.5 Future Opportunities.; 1.6 Conclusions.; Bibliography.; References.; 2. Materials' Foundations.; 2.1 Introduction.; 2.2 Electronic Structure.; 2.2.1 Atomic Structure.; 2.2.2 Electrons in Atoms.; 2.2.3 Filling of Orbitals.; 2.2.4 The Periodic Table.; 2.3 Chemical Bonding.; 2.3.1 Bonding Principles.; 2.3.2 Ionic Bond.; 2.3.3 Covalent Bond.; 2.3.4 Metallic Bonding.; 2.3.5 Van der Waals Bonding.; 2.3.6 Hydrogen Bonding.; 2.4 Bonding in Organic Compounds.; 2.4.1 Hybridized Orbitals.; 2.4.2 Isomers.; 2.4.3 Double and Triple Bonds.; 2.5 Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials.; 2.5.1 States of Matter.; 2.5.2 Phase Changes and Thermodynamic Equilibrium.; 2.5.3 The Crystal Lattice.; 2.5.4 Crystal Systems.; 2.5.5 Miller Indices.; 2.5.6 Distance Between Crystal Planes.; 2.5.7 Defects.; 2.5.8 Amorphous Solids.; 2.6 Polymers.; 2.6.1 Molecular Weight.; 2.6.2 Polymer Structure.; 2.6.3 Polymer Crystallinity.; 2.7 Soft Matter: Emulsions, Foams and Gels.; 2.8 Diffusion.; Bibliography.; Reference.; 3. Electrical Conductivity.; 3.1 Introduction.; 3.2 Classical Theory.; 3.2.1 Electrical Conductivity.; 3.2.2 Ohm's Law.; 3.2.3 Charge Carrier Mobility.; 3.2.4 Fermi Energy.; 3.3 Energy Bands in Solids.; 3.3.1 Quantum Mechanical Foundations.; 3.3.2 Kronig-Penney Model.; 3.3.3 Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators.; 3.3.4 Electrons and Holes.; 3.3.5 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Conduction.; 3.3.6 Quantum Wells.; 3.3.7 Disordered Semiconductors.; 3.3.8 Conductivity in Low-dimensional Solids.; 3.4 Organic Compounds.; 3.4.1 Band Structure.; 3.4.2 Doping.; 3.4.3 Solitons, Polarons and Bipolarons.; 3.4.4 Superconductivity.; 3.5 Low-frequency Conductivity.; 3.5.1 Electronic Versus Ionic Conductivity.; 3.5.2 Quantum Mechanical Ttunnelling.; 3.5.3 Variable Range Hopping.; 3.5.4 Space-charge Injection.; 3.5.5 Schottky and Poole-Frenkel Effects.; 3.6 Conductivity at High Frequencies.; 3.6.1 Complex Permittivity.; 3.6.2 Impedance Spectroscopy.; Bibliography.; References.; 4. Optical Phenomena.; 4.1 Introduction.; 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation.; 4.3 Refractive Index.; 4.3.1 Permittivity Tensor.; 4.3.2 Linear and Nonlinear Optics.; 4.4 Interaction of EM Waves with Organic Molecules.; 4.4.1 Absorption Processes.; 4.4.2 Aggregate Formation.; 4.4.3 Excitons.; 4.4.4 Effect of Electric Fields on Absorption.; 4.4.5 Emission Processes.; 4.4.6 Energy Transfer.; 4.5 Transmission and Reflection from Interfaces.; 4.5.1 Laws of Reflection and Refraction.; 4.5.2 Fresnel Equations.; 4.5.3 Ellipsometry.; 4.5.4 Thin Films.; 4.6 Waveguiding.; 4.7 Surface Plasmons.; 4.7.1 The evanescent Field.; 4.7.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance.; 4.8 Photonic Crystals.; 4.8.1 Subwavelength Optics.; Bibliography.; References.; 5. Electroactive Organic Compounds.; 5.1 Introduction.; 5.2 Selected Topics in Chemistry.; 5.2.1 Moles and Molecules.; 5.2.2 Acids and Bases.; 5.2.3 Ions.; 5.2.4 Solvents.; 5.2.5 Functional Groups.; 5.2.6 Aromatic Compounds.; 5.3 Conductive Polymers.; 5.4 Charge-transfer Complexes.; 5.5 Buckyballs and Nanotubes.; 5.5.1 Fullerenes.; 5.5.2 Carbon Nanotubes.; 5.6 Piezoelectricity, Pyroelectricity and Ferroelectricity.; 5.6.1 Basic Principles.; 5.6.2 Organic Piezoelectric, Pyroelectric and Ferroelectric Compounds.; 5.7 Magnetic Materials.; 5.7.1 Basic Principles.; 5.7.2 Organic Magnets.; Bibliography.; References.; 6. Tools for Molecular Electronics.; 6.1 Introduction.; 6.2 Direct Imaging.; 6.2.1 Optical Microscopy.; 6.2.2 Electron Microscopy.; 6.3 X-ray Reflection.; 6.3.1 Electron Density Profile.; 6.3.2 Keissig Fringes.; 6.3.3 In-plane Measurements.; 6.4 Neutron Reflection.; 6.5 Electron Diffraction.; 6.6 Infrared Spectroscopy.; 6.6.1 Raman Scattering.; 6.7 Surface Analytical Techniques.; 6.8 Scanning Probe Microscopies.; 6.9 Film Thickness Measurements.; Bibliography.; References.; 7. Thin Film Processing and Device Fabrication.; 7.1 Introduction.; 7.2 Established Deposition Methods.; 7.2.1 Spin-coating.; 7.2.2 Physical Vapour Deposition.; 7.2.3 Chemical Vapour Deposition.; 7.2.4 Electrochemical Methods.; 7.2.5 Inkjet Printing.; 7.2.6 Sol-gel Processing.; 7.2.7 Other Techniques.; 7.3 Molecular Architectures.; 7.3.1 Langmuir-Blodgett Technique.; 7.3.2 Chemical Self-assembly.; 7.3.3 Electrostatic Layer-by-layer Deposition.; 7.4 Nanofabrication.; 7.4.1 Photolithography.; 7.4.2 Nanometre Pattern Definition.; 7.4.3 Soft Lithography Techniques.; 7.4.4 Scanning Probe Manipulation.; 7.4.5 Dip-pen Nanolithography.; 7.4.6 Other Methods.; Bibliography.; References.; 8. Liquid Crystals and Devices.; 8.1 Introduction.; 8.2 Liquid Crystal Phases.; 8.2.1 Thermotropic Liquid Crystals.; 8.2.2 Lyotropic Liquid Crystals.; 8.3 Liquid Crystal Polymers.; 8.4 Display Devices.; 8.4.1 Birefringence.; 8.4.2 Freedericksz Transition.; 8.4.3 Twisted Nematic Display.; 8.4.4 Passive and Active Addressing.; 8.4.5 Full-colour Displays.; 8.4.6 Super-twisted Nematic Display.; 8.5 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals.; 8.6 Polymer-dispersed Liquid Crystals.; 8.7 Liquid Crystal Lenses.; 8.8 Other Application Areas.; Bibliography.; References.; 9. Plastic Electronics.; 9.1 Introduction.; 9.2 Organic Diodes.; 9.2.1 Schottky Diode.; 9.2.2 Ohmic Contacts.; 9.3 Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Structures.; 9.3.1 Idealized MIS Device.; 9.3.2 Organic MIS Structures.; 9.4 Field Effect Transistors.; 9.5 Integrated Organic Circuits.; 9.5.1 Radiofrequency Identification Tags.; 9.6 Organic Light-emitting Displays.; 9.6.1 Device Efficiency.; 9.6.2 Methods of Efficiency Improvement.; 9.6.3 Full-colour Displays.; 9.6.4 Electronic Paper.; 9.7 Photovoltaic Cells.; 9.7.1 Organic Semiconductor Solar Cell.; 9.7.2 Dye-sensitized Solar Cell.; 9.7.3 Luminescent Concentrator.; 9.8 Other Application Areas.; 9.8.1 Conductive Coatings.; 9.8.2 Batteries and Fuel Cells.; 9.8.3 Xerography.; Bibliography.; References.; 10. Chemical Sensors and Actuators.; 10.1 Introduction.; 10.2 Sensing Systems.; 10.3 Definitions.; 10.4 Chemical Sensors.; 10.4.1 Calorimetric Gas Sensors.; 10.4.2 Electrochemical Cells.; 10.4.3 Resistive Gas Sensors.; 10.4.4 Dielectric Sensors.; 10.4.5 Acoustic Devices.; 10.4.6 Optical Sensors.; 10.5 Biological Olfaction.; 10.6 Electronic Noses.; 10.7 Physical Sensors and Actuators.; 10.7.1 Touch Sensors.; 10.7.2 Polymer Actuators.; 10.7.3 Lab-on-a-chip.; 10.8 Smart Textiles and Clothing.; Bibliography.; References.; 11. Molecular-scale Electronics.; 11.1 Introduction.; 11.2 Nanosystems.; 11.2.1 Scaling Laws.; 11.2.2 Interatomic Forces.; 11.3 Engineering Materials at the Molecular Level.; 11.3.1 Polar Materials.; 11.3.2 Nonlinear Optical Materials.; 11.3.3 Photonic Crystals.; 11.4 Electronic Device Architectures.; 11.5 Molecular Rectification.; 11.6 Electronic Switching and Memory Devices.; 11.6.1 Resistive Bistable Devices.; 11.6.2 Flash Memories.; 11.6.3 Spintronics.; 11.6.4 Three-dimensional Architectures.; 11.7 Single-electron Devices.; 11.8 Optical and Chemical Switches.; 11.8.1 Fluorescence Switching.; 11.8.2 Photochromic Systems.; 11.8.3 Chemical Control.; 11.9 Nanomagnetic Systems.; 11.10 Nanotube Electronics.; 11.11 Molecular Actuation.; 11.11.1 Dynamically Controllable Surfaces.; 11.11.2 Rotaxanes.; 11.11.3 Optical Tweezers.; 11.12 Logic Circuits.; 11.13 Computing Architectures.; 11.14 Quantum Computing.; Bibliography.; References.; 12. Bioelectronics.; 12.1 Introduction.; 12.2 Biological Building Blocks.; 12.2.1 Amino Acids and Peptides.; 12.2.2 Proteins.; 12.2.3 Enzymes.; 12.2.4 Carbohydrates.; 12.2.5 Lipids.; 12.3 Nucleotides.; 12.3.1 Bases.; 12.3.2 DNA.; 12.3.3 RNA.; 12.3.4 ATP, ADP.; 12.4 Cells.; 12.5 Genetic Coding.; 12.5.1 Replication, Transcription and Translation.; 12.6 The Biological Membrane.; 12.6.1 Transport Across the Membrane.; 12.7 Neurons.; 12.8 Biosensors.; 12.8.1 Biocatalytic Sensors.; 12.8.2 Bioaffinity Sensors.; 12.9 DNA Electronics.; 12.10 Photobiology.; 12.10.1 Bacteriorhodopsin.; 12.10.2 Photosynthesis.; 12.11 Molecular Motors.; 12.11.1 Nature's Motors.; 12.11.2 Artificial Motors.; Bibliography.; References.; Index
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