TY  - BOOK
AU  - Nalwa,Hari Singh
ED  - American Scientific Publishers
TI  - Magnetic nanostructures
SN  - 1588830004
AV  - TA418.9.N35 M342 2002
PY  - 2002///]
CY  - Stevenson Ranch, Calif.
PB  - American Scientific
KW  - Nanostructures
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; List of Contributors; About the Editor; Magnetic Semiconductor Nanostructures; Wolfram Heimbrodt; Peter J. Klar; Introduction; Fundamental Properties of Bulk Magnetic and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors; Material Preparation and Crystal Structure; Bandgap and Optical Properties of Bulk Semiconductors; Magnetic Properties of Bulk Semiconductors; Magneto-Optical Properties of Bulk Semiconductors; Preparation of Magnetic Semiconductor Nanostructures; Growth of Epitaxial Layers and Quantum Wells; Growth and Preparation of Quantum Wires; Growth and Preparation of Quantum Dots; Properties of Magnetic and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanostructures and Ultrafine Particles; Optical and Electronic Properties of Magnetic Semiconductor Nanostructures; Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanostructures in an External Magnetic Field; Spontaneous Magnetization of Magnetic Semiconductor Nanostructures; Concluding Remarks and Outlook; References; Magnetic Nanostructures for Future Magnetic Data Storage: Fabrication and Quantitative Characterization by Magnetic Force Microscopy; Axel Carl; Eberhard F. Wassermann; Introduction; Magnetic Data Storage: Method, Aims, Limits; Patterned Media for Magnetic Data Storage; Periodic Magnetic Dot-Arrays and Their Fabrication; Fabrication of Periodic Dot-Arrays with Optical Interference Lithography; Periodic Magnetic Dot-Arrays with Various Periodicities; Magnetic Properties of Periodic Dot-Arrays; Perspectives for Magnetic Dot-Arrays as Future High-Density Storage Media; Magnetic Force Microscopy Studies on Magnetic Dot-Arrays; An Introduction to Magnetic Force Microscopy; Experimental MFM Investigations versus MFM-Image Calculations; Semiquantitative MFM Analysis of the Magnetization Reversal Properties of Homogeneous Co/Pt Multilayer Films and Co/Pt Multilayer Dot-Arrays; Quantitative Magnetic Force Microscopy; Quantitative Analysis of the Magnetic Properties of Single Co/Pt Dots; Acknowledgments; References; Structure and Magnetic Properties of Chemically Ordered Magnetic Binary Alloys in Thin Film Form; A. Cebollada; R. F. C. Farrow; M. F. Toney; Introduction; Chemical Order in Binary Alloys; Long-Range Chemical Order in Alloys; Characterization of Chemical Order in Binary Alloys; Growth of Chemically Ordered Alloys; Procedures to Achieve Long-Range Order in Thin Films; In situ and Postgrowth Characterization of Films by Electron Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy; Parameters that Control the Degree of Chemical Order; Magnetic Anisotropy in Ordered Binary Alloys; Microscopic Origin of the Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy; First Approach: Anisotropy in Bulk Specimens and Chemical Order Dependence; Magnetic Anisotropy in Binary Alloy Thin Films; Magnetic Domain Structure of Systems with PMA; Applications of High Magnetic Anisotropy Systems; Magneto-Optical Activity in Chemically Ordered Binary Alloys; MO Effects in Bulk Magnetic Alloys; MO Activity in Binary Alloy Thin Films; Theoretical Studies; Conclusions and Perspectives; Acknowledgments; References; Macroscopic Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured and Nanocomposite Systems; Massimo Solzi; Massimo Ghidini; Giovanni Asti; Introduction; The Basic Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured Materials; Appropriate Scales and Energy Terms; The Exchange Interaction; Magnetic Anisotropy; Dipolar Interaction; Magneto-Elastic Interactions; Magnetization Structures and Processes in Nanoscaled Systems; Scale Length Parameters; The Micromagnetic Approach; Magnetization Reversal: Coherent Rotation and Nonuniform Processes; Magnetic Domains and Domain Walls; The Effect of Magnetic Interactions; The Magnetization Processes of Nanocomposite Systems; Bulk Hard/Soft Nanocomposites; Theoretical Models of the Planar Composite Systems; Time and Temperature Effects; Introduction; Superparamagnetism; Magnetic Viscosity; The Problem of Dynamic Hysteresis; Magnetic Susceptibility and Magnetic Phase Transitions; The Reversible Susceptibility Tensor; The Magnetic Phase Transitions in Nanostructured Materials; Macroscopic Measuring Techniques, Both Standard and Special; Induction Techniques; Force Techniques; Magneto-Optical Methods; Other Techniques; The Singular Point Detection Technique; The Magnetic Behavior of Planar Hard/Soft Nanocomposites; Exchange-Spring Multilayers as Permanent Magnets; The Fe/Co Multilayer as a Model System; Other Applications of Planar Nanocomposite Systems; Dynamic Hysteresis and Viscosity in Nanocomposite Multilayers; Nanostructured Magnetic Systems Obtained by Swift Heavy-Ion Irradiation; Introduction; Latent Tracks in Rare Earth-Transition Metal Intermetallic Compounds; Magnetic Nanocolumns; Acknowledgments; References; Theory of Brillouin Cross Section From Magnetic Nanostructured Multilayers; Roberto Zivieri; Loris Giovannini; Paolo Vavassori; Introduction; Growth and Characterization; Magnetic Superlattices and Multilayers; Nanometric Magnetic Structures; General Problem; Hamiltonian of the System; Magnetic Coupling: Bilinear and Biquadratic Exchange Energies; Light Interaction with Magnetic Systems: Dielectric Tensor; Static Magnetic Properties; Magnetic Multilayers; Nanometric Magnetic Structures; Dynamic Magnetic Properties; Spin Wave Equation of Motion; Spin Waves in Multilayers and Patterned Structures; Thick Films; Thin Films; Patterned Structures; Magneto-Optic Properties; Brillouin Scattering Cross Section in Magnetic Multilayers; Brillouin Scattering Cross Section in Thin Films; Brillouin Scattering Cross Section in Patterned Structures; Conclusions and Perspectives; Acknowledgments; References; Dynamics of Nanostructured Magnets; R. L. Stamps; Introduction and Overview; Thermal Dynamics and Relaxation; Mean-Field Theory; Surface Effects on Magnetic Order; Relaxation Times; Reversal by Thermal Fluctuations; Field-Driven Reversal; Types of Order; Models of Spin Systems; Origins; Stoner and Hubbard Models; Interlayer Exchange Coupling; The Heisenberg Model; Connection to Landau Theory; Itinerant versus Local Models; Linear Dynamics at Long Wavelengths; Spin-Wave Excitations in Itinerant Models; Long-Wavelength Spin Waves in the Heisenberg Model; Semi-Classical Spin Wave Theory; Magnetic Anisotropies; Magnetostatic Energies; Dipole-Exchange Spin Waves and Thin Films; Magnetostatic Spin Waves; Spin-Wave Interactions: Thermal Behavior and Other Nonlinearities; Spin Operators: Bound States and Bosonization; Thermal Properties; Driven Nonlinear Response; Quasi-Static Nonlinear Excitations: Domain Walls and Switching; Magnetic Domain Boundary Walls; Nucleation Rate Theory; Precession-Limited Driven Reversal; Relaxation and Scattering Mechanisms; Scattering within the Spin System; Magnetoelastic Coupling and Phonon Scattering; Magnon-Electron Interactions; Summary and Outlook; Acknowledgments; References; Off-Axis Electron Holography of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials; Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski; Martha R. McCartney; Introduction; Basis of Off-Axis Electron Holography; Imaging Theory; Reconstruction of Electron Holograms; Magnetic and Mean Inner Potential Contributions to the Phase; Experimental Considerations; Results Obtained from Optical Reconstruction; Co Fine Particle; Recorded Magnetic Tape; Verification of the Aharonov--Bohm Effect; Results Obtained from Digital Reconstruction; Lithographically Patterned Magnetic Nanostructures; Chains of Magnetic Nanocrystals; Magnetic Force Microscopy Tips; Cross-Sectional Samples: Removal of Sample Thickness Effects; Exchange-Biased Elements; Discussion and Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; Microstructures and Properties of Nanocrystalline and Nanogranular Magnetic Materials; K. Hono; M.; Ohnuma; Introduction; Fabrication Methods; Nanocrystalline and Nanocomposite Microstructures; Metal--Nonmetal Nanogranular Microstructure; Properties of Nanocrystalline and Nanogranular Materials; Soft Magnetic Properties; Hard Magnetic Properties; Magnetic Properties Obtained from Granular Microstructure; Nanogranular Microstructure Characterization; Diffraction and Scattering Techniques; The Atom Probe Technique; Microstructure--Property Relationship; Soft Magnetic Nanocrystalline Alloys; Microstructural Evolution in Nanocomposite Magnets; Metal--Nonmetal Nanogranular Films; Summary; Acknowledgments; References; Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanostructured Magnets; Mihai A. Girtu; Introduction; Motivation; Goals; Outline; Magnetic Ordering: Review of Basic Concepts; Independent Magnetic Moments; Magnetic Interactions; Cooperative Behavior and Magnetic Phase Transitions; Factors that Influence Magnetic Ordering; Magnetic Ordering in Pure and Disordered Systems with and without Frustration; Pure Systems without Frustration; Disordered Systems without Frustration; Disordered Systems with Frustration: Spin Glasses; Pure Systems with Frustration; Random Field Systems; Random Anisotropy Systems; Analysis Procedures for Magnetic Experimental Data; Analysis Procedures for dc Magnetic Data; Analysis Procedures for ac Magnetic Data; Molecule-Based Magnets: Novel Materials and Properties; Hybrid Organic--Inorganic Magnets; Organic Magnets; Hybrid Organic--Inorganic Single-Molecule Magnets; Molecule-Based Magnets: Novel Phenomena and Opportunities; Magnetic Bistability in Hybrid Organic--Inorganic Magnets; Multiple Compensation Point Hybrid Organic--Inorganic Magnets; Photoinduced Magnetic Effects in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Magnets; High-Coercivity Hybrid Organic--Inorganic Magnets; Hybrid Organic--Inorganic Magnetic Conductors; Thin Films of Hybrid Organic--Inorganic Magnets; Outlook; Magnets by Design? A Few Answers and Many Open Questions; Trends and Potential Applications; Acknowledgments; References; Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Magnetic Nanocomposite Films; H. Wang; S. P. Wong; Historical Introduction; Preparation of Magnetic Nanocomposite Films; Conventional Methods; Pulsed Filtered Vacuum Arc Deposition; Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co-C Nanocomposite Films; Microstructure Evolution; Magnetic Properties; Ordered L10 Phase CoPt- and FePt-Based Nanocomposite Films; Overview of High-Ku Materials; Phase Transformation of CoPt and FePt Nanocomposite Films; Magnetic Properties of CoPt and FePt Nanocomposite Films; Read-Write Properties of CoPt and FePt Nanocomposite Films; Summary; Acknowledgments; References; Micromagnetics of Nanoparticles and Nanoshaped Magnetic Elements; Scott L. Whittenburg; Introduction; Software; Object Oriented Micromagnetics Framework; Java MicroMagnetics; MagFEM3D; LLG Micromagnetics Simulator; General Results; Cubes; Spheres; Elliptical Plates; Truncated Pyramids and Cylinders; Triangles; Squares; Rings; Results for Specific Materials; Permalloy; Iron; Cobalt; Nickel; Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; Magnetic and Magnetotransport Properties of Nanostructured Wires and Dots; Teruya Shinjo; Introduction; Sample Preparation Techniques; Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Studies and Geometry; Current at an Angle to the Plane (CAP)-GMR Studies with V-Groove Samples; Nanowire Systems; Resistivity of a Domain Wall; Dot Systems; Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; Index
ER  -