TY  - BOOK
AU  - Revie,R.Winston
AU  - Uhlig,Herbert Henry
TI  - Corrosion and corrosion control: an introduction to corrosion science and engineering 
SN  - 9780471732792
AV  - TA462 .R425 2008
PY  - 2008///]
CY  - Hoboken, N.J.
PB  - Wiley-Interscience
KW  - Corrosion and anti-corrosives
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; 1. Definition and Importance of Corrosion; 1.1 Definition of Corrosion; Corrosion Science and Engineering; 1.2 Importance of Corrosion; 1.3 Risk Management; 1.4 Causes of Corrosion; Change in Gibbs Free Energy; Pilling-Bedworth Ratio; 1.5 References; 1.6 General References; 1.7 Problems; 2. Electrochemical Mechanisms; 2.1 The Dry-cell Analogy and Faraday’s Law; 2.2 Definition of Anode and Cathode; 2.3 Types of Cells; 2.4 Forms of Corrosion; 2.5 References; 2.6 General References; 2.7 Problems; 3. Thermodynamics: Corrosion Tendency and Electrode Potentials; 3.1 Change of Gibbs Free Energy, ?G; 3.2 Measuring the Emf of a Cell; 3.3 Calculating the Half-Cell Potential - The Nernst Equation; 3.4 The Hydrogen Electrode and Standard Hydrogen Scale; 3.5 Calculation of EMF; 3.6 Measurement of pH; 3.7 The Oxygen Electrode and Differential Aeration Cell; 3.8 The EMF and Galvanic Series; 3.9 Liquid Junction Potentials; 3.10 Reference Electrodes; Calomel Reference Electrode; Silver-Silver Chloride Reference Electrode; Saturated Copper-Copper Sulfate Reference Electrode; 3.11 References; 3.12 General References; 3.13 Problems; 4. Thermodynamics: Pourbaix Diagrams; 4.1 Basis of Pourbaix Diagrams; 4.2 Pourbaix Diagram for Water; 4.3 Pourbaix Diagram for Iron; 4.4 Pourbaix Diagram for Aluminum; 4.5 Pourbaix Diagram for Magnesium; 4.6 Limitations of Pourbaix Diagrams; 4.7 References; 4.8 General Reference; 4.9 Problems; 5. Kinetics: Polarization and Corrosion Rates; 5.1 Polarization; 5.2 The Polarized Cell; 5.3 How Polarization Is Measured; Calculation of IR Drop in an Electrolyte; 5.4 Causes of Polarization; 5.5 Hydrogen Overpotential; 5.6 Polarization Diagrams of Corroding Metals; 5.7 Influence of Polarization on Corrosion Rate; 5.8 Calculation of Corrosion Rates from Polarization Data; 5.9 Anode-Cathode Area Ratio; 5.10 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy; 5.11 Theory of Cathodic Protection; 5.12 References; 5.13 General References; 5.14 Problems; 6. Passivity; 6.1 Definition; 6.2 Characteristics of Passivation and the Flade Potential; 6.3 Behavior of Passivators; Passivation of Iron by HNO3; 6.4 Anodic Protection and Transpassivity; 6.5 Theories of Passivity; More Stable Passive Films with Time; Action of Chloride Ions and Passive-Active Cells; Critical Pitting Potential (CPP); 6.6 Critical Pitting Potential; 6.7 Critical Pitting Temperature; 6.8 Passivity of Alloys; Nickel-Copper Alloys; Other Alloys; 6.9 Effect of Cathodic Polarization and Catalysis; 6.10 References; 6.11 General References; 6.12 Problems; 7. Iron and Steel; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Aqueous Environments; Effect of Dissolved Oxygen; Air-Saturated Water; Higher Partial Pressures of Oxygen; Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC); Effect of Temperature; Effect of pH; Corrosion of Iron in Acids; Effect of Galvanic Coupling; Effect of Velocity on Corrosion in Natural Waters; Cavitation-Erosion; Effect of Dissolved Salts; Natural-Water Salts; 7.3 Metallurgical Factors; Varieties of Iron and Steel; Effects of Composition; Galvanic Effects through Coupling of Different Steels; Effect of Heat Treatment; 7.4 Steel Reinforcements in Concrete; 7.5 References; 7.6 General References; 7.7 Problems; 8. Effect of Stress; 8.1 Cold Working; 8.2 Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Iron and Steel; 8.3 Mechanism of Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel and Other Metals; Electrochemical Dissolution Theory; Stress-Sorption Cracking; Initiation of Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Critical Potentials; Rate of Crack Growth (Fracture Mechanics); 8.4 Hydrogen Cracking; Mechanism of Hydrogen Cracking; Effect of Metal Flaws; 8.5 Radiation Damage; 8.6 Corrosion Fatigue; Critical Minimum Corrosion Rates; Remedial Measures; Mechanism of Corrosion Fatigue; 8.7 Fretting Corrosion; Mechanism of Fretting Corrosion; Remedial Measures; 8.8 References; 8.9 General References; 8.10 Problems; 9. Atmospheric Corrosion; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Types of Atmospheres; 9.3 Corrosion-Product Films; 9.4 Factors Influencing Corrosivity of the Atmosphere; Particulate Matter; Gases in the Atmosphere; Moisture (Critical Humidity); 9.5 Remedial Measures; 9.6 References; 9.7 General References; 9.8 Problems; 10. Corrosion in Soils; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Factors Affecting the Corrosivity of Soils; 10.3 Bureau of Standards Tests; Pitting Characteristics; 10.4 Stress-Corrosion Cracking; 10.5 Remedial Measures; 10.6 References; 10.7 General References; 11. Oxidation; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Initial Stages; 11.3 Thermodynamics of Oxidation: Free Energy-Temperature Diagram; 11.4 Protective and Nonprotective Scales; Three Equations of Oxidation; 11.5 Wagner Theory of Oxidation; 11.6 Oxide Properties and Oxidation; 11.7 Galvanic Effects and Electrolysis of Oxides; 11.8 Hot Ash Corrosion; 11.9 Hot Corrosion; 11.10 Oxidation of Copper; Internal Oxidation; Reaction with Hydrogen ("Hydrogen Disease"); 11.11 Oxidation of Iron and Iron Alloys; 11.12 Life Test for Oxidation-Resistant Wires; 11.13 Oxidation-Resistant Alloys; Reactive Element Effect (REE); Chromium-Iron Alloys; Chromium-Aluminum-Iron Alloys; Nickel and Nickel Alloys; Furnace Windings; 11.14 References; 11.15 General References; 11.16 Problems; 12. Stray-Current Corrosion; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 Sources of Stray Current; 12.3 Quantitative Damage by Stray Currents; 12.4 Detection of Stray Currents; 12.5 Soil-Resistivity Measurement; 12.6 Means for Reducing Stray-Current Corrosion; 12.7 References; 12.8 General References; 12.9 Problems; 13. Cathodic Protection; 13.1 Introduction; 13.2 Brief History; 13.3 How Applied; Sacrificial Anodes; 13.4 Combined Use with Coatings; 13.5 Magnitude of Current Required; 13.6 Anode Materials and Backfill; Overprotection; 13.7 Criteria of Protection; Potential Measurements; Doubtful Criteria; Position of Reference Electrode; 13.8 Economics of Cathodic Protection; 13.9 Anodic Protection; 13.10 References; 13.11 General References; 13.12 Problems; 14. Metallic Coatings; 14.1 Methods of Application; 14.2 Classification of Coatings; 14.3 Specific Metal Coatings; Nickel Coatings; Lead Coatings; Zinc Coatings; Cadmium Coatings; Tin Coatings; Chromium-Plated Steel for Containers; Aluminum Coatings; 14.4 References; 14.5 General References; 15. Inorganic Coatings; 15.1 Vitreous Enamels; 15.2 Portland Cement Coatings; 15.3 Chemical Conversion Coatings; 15.4 References; 15.5 General References; 16. Organic Coatings; 16.1 Introduction; 16.2 Paints; 16.3 Requirements for Corrosion Protection; 16.4 Metal Surface Preparation; Cleaning All Dirt, Oils, and Greases from the Surface; Complete Removal of Rust and Mill Scale; 16.5 Applying Paint Coatings; Wash Primer; Painting of Aluminum and Zinc; 16.6 Filiform Corrosion; Theory of Filiform Corrosion; 16.7 Plastic Linings; 16.8 References; 16.9 General References; 17. Inhibitors and Passivators; 17.1 Introduction; 17.2 Passivators; Mechanism of Passivation; Applications of Passivators; 17.3 Pickling Inhibitors; Applications of Pickling Inhibitors; 17.4 Slushing Compounds; 17.5 Vapor-Phase Inhibitors; Inhibitor to Reduce Tarnishing of Copper; 17.6 References; 17.7 General References; 18. Treatment of Water and Steam Systems; 18.1 Deaeration and Deactivation; 18.2 Hot- and Cold-Water Treatment; Cooling Waters; 18.3 Boiler-Water Treatment; Boiler Corrosion; Boiler-Water Treatment for Corrosion Control; 18.4 References; 18.5 General References; 19.; Alloying for Corrosion Resistance; Stainless Steels; 19.1 Introduction; 19.2 Stainless Steels; Brief History; Classes and Types; Intergranular Corrosion; Pitting and Crevice Corrosion; Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Cracking; Cracking of Sensitized Austenitic Alloys in Polythionic Acids; Galvanic Coupling and General Corrosion Resistance; 19.3 References; 19.4 General References; 20. Copper and Copper Alloys; 20.1 Copper; Corrosion in Natural Waters; 20.2 Copper Alloys; Copper-Zinc Alloys (Brasses); Dezincification; Stress-Corrosion Cracking (Season Cracking); Condenser Tube Alloys Including Copper-Nickel Alloys; 20.3 References; 20.4 General References; 20.5 Problems; 21. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys; 21.1 Aluminum; Clad Alloys; Corrosion in Water and Steam; Effect of pH; Corrosion Characteristics; Galvanic Coupling; 21.2 Aluminum Alloys; Stress-Corrosion Cracking; 21.3 References; 21.4 General References; 22. Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys; 22.1 Introduction; 22.2 Magnesium; 22.3 Magnesium Alloys; Stress-Corrosion Cracking; Coatings; 22.4 Summary; 22.5 References; 22.6 General References; 23. Nickel and Nickel Alloys; 23.1 Introduction; 23.2 Nickel; 23.3 Nickel Alloys; General Behavior; Ni-Cu System: Alloy 400 - 70% Ni, 30% Cu; Ni-Cr-Fe System: Alloy 600 - 76% Ni, 16% Cr, 7 0.000000e; Ni-Mo System: Alloy B - 60% Ni, 30% Mo, 5 0.000000e; Ni-Cr-Mo System: Alloy C - 54% Ni, 15% Cr, 16% Mo, 4% W, 5 0.000000e; 23.4 References; 23.5 General References; 24. Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys; 24.1 Introduction; 24.2 Cobalt Alloys; 24.3 References; 24.4 General References; 25. Titanium; 25.1 Titanium; 25.2 Titanium Alloys; 25.3 Pitting and Crevice Corrosion; 25.4 Intergranular Corrosion and Stress-Corrosion Cracking; 25.5 References; 25.6 General References; 25.7 Problem; 26. Zirconium; 26.1 Introduction; 26.2 Zirconium Alloys; 26.3 Behavior in Hot Water and Steam; 26.4 References; 26.5 General References; 27. Tantalum; 27.1 Introduction; 27.2 Corrosion Behavior; 27.3 References; 27.4 General References; 28. Lead; 28.1 Introduction; 28.2 Corrosion Behavior of Lead and Lead Alloys; Lead-Acid Battery; 28.3 Summary; 28.4 References; 28.5 General References; 29. Appendix; 29.1 Activity and Activity Coefficients of Strong Electrolytes; 29.2 Derivation of Stern-Geary Equation for Calculating Corrosion Rates from Polarization Data Obtained at Low Current Densities; 29.3 Derivation of Equation Expressing the Saturation Index of a Natural Water; 29.4 Derivation of Potential Change along a Cathodically Protected Pipeline; 29.5 Derivation of the Equation for Potential Drop along the Soil Surface Created by Current Entering or Leaving a Buried Pipe; 29.6 Derivation of the Equation for Determining Resistivity of Soil by Four-Electrode Method; 29.7 Derivation of the Equation Expressing Weight Loss by Fretting Corrosion; 29.8 Conversion Factors; Additional Conversion Factors; Current Density Equivalent to a Corrosion Rate of 1 gmd; 29.9 Standard Potentials; 29.10 Notation and Abbreviations; 29.11 References; Index
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