TY  - BOOK
AU  - Dowling,Norman E.
TI  - Mechanical behavior of materials: engineering methods for deformation, fracture, and fatigue 
SN  - 0132256096
AV  - TA404.8 .D68 2007
PY  - 2007///
CY  - Upper Saddle River, N.J.
PB  - Pearson/Prentice Hall
KW  - Materials
KW  - Testing
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; 1    Introduction                                                                1; 1.1    Introduction  1; 1.2    Types of Material Failure 2; 1.3    Design and Materials Selection  10; 1.4    Technological Challenge  16; 1.5    Economic Importance of Fracture  18; 1.6    Summary   19; References 20; Problems and Questions 20; 2    Structure and Deformation in Materials                                     23; 2.1    Introduction  23; 2.2    Bonding in Solids 25; 2.3    Structure in Crystalline Materials 29; 2.4     Elastic Deformation and Theoretical Strength  33; 2.5    Inelastic Deformation  38; 2.6    Summary 44; References 45; Problems and Questions 46; 3    A Survey of Engineering Materials                                          48; 3.1    Introduction 48; 3.2    Alloying and Processing of Metals 49; 3.3    Irons and Steels 55; 3.4    Nonferrous Metals 63; 3.5    Polymers 67; 3.6     Ceramics and Glasses 77; 3.7     Composite Materials 83; 3.8    Materials Selection for Engineering Components 88; 3.9    Summary   94; References 96; Problems and Questions 97; 4    Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Other Basic Tests                   101; 4.1    Introduction  101; 4.2    Introduction to Tension Test 106; 4.3    Engineering Stress-Strain Properties 111; 4.4    Trends in Tensile Behavior 120; 4.5    True Stress-Strain Interpretation of Tension Test 126; 4.6     Compression Test 135; 4.7    Hardness Tests 140; 4.8    Notch-Impact Tests 147; 4.9     Bending and Torsion Tests 152; 4.10   Summary    158; References 159; Problems and Questions 160; 5    Stress-Strain Relationships and Behavior                                 171; 5.1    Introduction  171; 5.2    Models for Deformation Behavior 172; 5.3    Elastic Deformation  182; 5.4    Anisotropic Materials 195; 5.5    Summary   204; .References 206; Problems and Questions 206; 6    Review of Complex and Principal States of Stress and Strain              214; 6.1    Introduction 214; 6.2    Plane Stress 215; 6.3    Principal Stresses and the Maximum Shear Stress 225; 6.4    Three-Dimensional States of Stress 233; 6.5    Stresses on the Octahedral Planes 240; 6.6     Complex States of Strain  242; 6.7    Summary   247; References 249; Problems and Questions 249; 7    Yielding and Fracture under Combined Stresses                            254; 7.1    Introduction  254; 7.2    General Form of Failure Criteria 256; 7.3    Maximum Normal Stress Fracture Criterion  258; 7.4    Maximum Shear Stress Yield Criterion  261; 7.5    Octahedral Shear Stress Yield Criterion  267; 7.6    Discussion of the Basic Failure Criteria 274; 7.7     Coulomb-Mohr Fracture Criterion  280; 7.8    Modified Mohr Fracture Criterion  290; 7.9    Additional Comments on Failure Criteria 297; 7.10   Summary   300; References 301; Problems and Questions 302; 8    Fracture of Cracked Members                                              312; 8.1    Introduction  312; 8.2    Preliminary Discussion  315; 8.3    Mathematical Concepts 322; 8.4     Application of K to Design and Analysis 326; 8.5    Additional Topics on Application of K  337; 8.6    Fracture Toughness Values and Trends 349; 8.7    Plastic Zone Size, and Plasticity Limitations on LEFM  359; 8.8    Discussion of Fracture Toughness Testing  368; 8.9    Extensions of Fracture Mechanics Beyond Linear Elasticity  369; 8.10   Summary   376; References 379; Problems and Questions 380; 9    Fatigue of Materials: Introduction and Stress-Based Approach             391; 9.1    Introduction  391; 9.2    Definitions and Concepts 393; 9.3    Sources of Cyclic Loading 404; 9.4    Fatigue Testing  405; 9.5    The Physical Nature of Fatigue Damage 410; 9.6    Trends in S-N Curves 413; 9.7    Mean Stresses 426; 9.8    Multiaxial Stresses 438; 9.9    Variable Amplitude Loading 443; 9.10   Summary 453; References 454; Problems and Questions 456; 10   Stress-Based Approach to Fatigue: Notched Members                        466; 10.1   Introduction 466; 10.2   Notch Effects 468; 10.3   Notch Sensitivity and Empirical Estimates of kf  472; 10.4   Estimating Long-Life Fatigue Strengths (Fatigue Limits) 476; 10.5   Notch Effects at Intermediate and Short Lives 481; 10.6   Combined Effects of Notches and Mean Stress 484; 10.7   Estimating S-N Curves 494; 10.8   Use of Component S-N Data 502; 10.9   Designing to Avoid Fatigue Failure 510; 10.10  Discussion  516; 10.11  Summary   517; References 519; Problems and Questions 520; 11   Fatigue Crack Growth                                                     535; 11.1   Introduction 535; 11.2   Preliminary Discussion  536; 11.3   Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing  544; 11.4   Effects of R = Smin/Smax on Fatigue Crack Growth  549; 11.5   Trends in Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior 559; 11.6   Life Estimates for Constant Amplitude Loading  565; 11.7   Life Estimates for Variable Amplitude Loading  576; 11.8   Design Considerations 582; 11.9   Plasticity Aspects and Limitations of LEFM for Fatigue Crack Growth  584; 11.10  Environmental Crack Growth  591; 11.11  Summary   596; References 598; Problems and Questions 599; 12   Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Materials                    612; 12.1   Introduction 612; 12.2   Stress-Strain Curves 615; 12.3   Three-Dimensional Stress-Strain Relationships 623; 12.4   Unloading and Cyclic Loading Behavior from Rheological Models 631; 12.5   Cyclic Stress-Strain Behavior of Real Materials 639; 12.6    Summary    652; References 654; Problems and Questions 655; 13   Stress-Strain Analysis of Plastically Deforming Members                     664; 13.1    Introduction  664; 13.2    Plasticity in Bending  665; 13.3    Residual Stresses and Strains for Bending  674; 13.4    Plasticity of Circular Shafts in Torsion  678; 13.5    Notched Members 681; 13.6    Cyclic Loading  693; 13.7    Summary    704; References 705; Problems and Questions 706; 14   Strain-Based Approach to Fatigue                                           715; 14.1    Introduction  715; 14.2    Strain Versus Life Curves 718; 14.3    Mean Stress Effects 728; 14.4    Multiaxial Stress Effects 736; 14.5    Life Estimates for Structural Components 740; 14.6   Discussion  750; 14.7    Summary   758; References 759; Problems and Questions 760; 15   Time-Dependent Behavior: Creep and Damping                                772; 15.1   Introduction  772; 15.2    Creep Testing  774; 15.3   Physical Mechanisms of Creep  779; 15.4   Time-Temperature Parameters and Life Estimates 790; 15.5    Creep Failure under Varying Stress 802; 15.6   Stress-Strain-Time Relationships 804; 15.7    Creep Deformation under Varying Stress 810; 15.8   Creep under Multiaxial Stress 817; 15.9   Component Stress-Strain Analysis 820; 15.10  Energy Dissipation (Damping) in Materials 825; 15.11  Summary   834; References 836; Problems and Questions 837
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