TY  - BOOK
AU  - Budhu,M
TI  - Foundations and earth retaining structures
SN  - 9780471470120
AV  - TA710 .B763 2008
PY  - 2008///]
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
PB  - John Wiley and Sons
KW  - Soil mechanics
KW  - Foundations
N1  - Includes bibliographical references (pages 465-471) and index; 1	Chapter 1 REVIEW OF BASIC SOIL MECHANICS; 1.0	INTRODUCTION; 1.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 1.2	ENGINEERING GEOLOGY; 1.2.1	Soil formation; 1.2.2	Soil fabric; 1.2.3	Soil minerals; 1.3	SOIL TYPES AND DESCRIPTION; 1.3.1	General soil types and their qualities for engineering applications; 1.3.2	Common soil types; 1.3.3	Soil description and identification; 1.4	SOIL PHASES; 1.5	PARTICLE SIZE OF SOILS; 1.6	PHYSICAL SOIL STATES AND INDEX PROPERTIES OF FINE-GRAINED SOILS; 1.7	SOIL CLASSIFICATION; 1.8	ONE DIMENSIONAL FLOW OF WATER THROUGH SOILS; 1.9	TWO DIMENSIONAL FLOW OF WATER THROUGH SOILS; 1.10	SOIL COMPACTION; 1.11	GEOSTATIC STRESSES IN SOILS AND THE PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE STRESS; 1.12	SUMMARY; EXERCISES; 2	Chapter 2 ¿ FOUNDATION LOADS, STRESSES AND STRAINS IN SOILS; 2.0	INTRODUCTION; 2.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 2.2	LOADS; 2.2.1	Static loads; 2.2.2	Dynamic Loads; 2.3	STRESSES AND STRAINS; 2.3.1	Normal stresses and normal strains; 2.3.2	Shear stresses and shear strains; 2.4	STRESSES IN SOILS FROM SURFACE AND INTERIOR LOADS; 2.4.1	Vertical point load on soil surface¿ Boussinesq¿s solution; 2.4.2	Strip surface loads; 2.4.3	Uniformly distributed circular surface load; 2.4.4	Uniformly distributed rectangular surface load; 2.4.5	Embankment loads; 2.4.6	Approximate method for rectangular loads; 2.4.7	Uniformly distributed surface load on irregular shaped area ¿ Newmark¿s solution; 2.4.8	Uniform load of large lateral extent; 2.4.9	Horizontal point load parallel to soil surface ¿ Cerutti¿s solution; 2.4.10	Vertical point load within soil mass ¿ Mindlin¿s solution; 2.4.11	Influence of foundation-soil relative stiffness on stress distribution; 2.5	LATERAL EFFECTIVE STRESS COEFFICIENTS; 2.6	STRESS AND STRAIN STATES; 2.6.1	Mohr¿s circle for stress states; 2.6.2	Mohr¿s circle for strain states; 2.7	STRESS AND STRAIN INVARIANTS; 2.8	STRESS PATHS; 2.8.1	Basic concept; 2.8.2	Plotting stress paths; 2.9	SUMMARY; PRACTICAL EXAMPLE; EXERCISES; 3	CHAPTER 3 ¿ ANALYTICAL, NUMERICAL METHODS AND OBSERVATIONAL METHODS FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN; 3.0	INTRODUCTION; 3.1	DEFINTION OF KEY TERMS; 3.2	STRESS ¿ STRAIN RESPONSE OF IDEAL MATERIALS; 3.2.1	Elastic materials; 3.2.2	Plastic materials; 3.3	YIELDING OF SOILS; 3.4	FAILURE CRITERIA; 3.4.1	Coulomb; 3.4.2	Mohr-Coulomb; 3.4.3	Tresca; 3.4.4	Taylor; 3.4.5	Critical state; 3.5	LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM; 3.6	LIMIT ANALYSIS; 3.7	NUMERICAL METHODS; 3.7.1	Soil Models; 3.7.2	Finite difference method (FDM); 3.7.3	Finite element method (FEM); 3.7.4	Bounday element method (BEM); 3.7.5	Using numerical methods in foundation design; 3.8	OBSERVATIONAL METHODS; 3.9	PHYSICAL SOIL MODELS; 3.10	SUMMARY; PRACTICAL EXAMPLE; EXCERCISES; 4	CHAPTER 4 ¿ SETTLEMENT, STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION PARAMETERS FROM LABORATORY TESTS; 4.0	INTRODUCTION; 4.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 4.2	CONSOLIDATION AND SETTLEMENT PARAMETERS; 4.2.1	Basic concept; 4.2.2	One-dimensional consolidation theory; 4.2.3	Consolidation settlement parameters; 4.2.4	Determination of the pre-consolidation effective stress; 4.3	 SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS; 4.3.1	Stress-strain response; 4.3.2	Interpretation of shear strength parameters from popular tests; 4.3.2.1	Simple pouring test to determine the friction angle of clean coarse-grained soils; 4.3.2.2	Direct shear test ¿ ASTM D 3080; 4.3.2.3	Triaxial tests; 4.3.2.4	Direct simple shear tests; 4.4	EXCESS POREWATER PRESSURE UNDER AXISYMMETRIC UNDRAINED LOADING; 4.5	PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE INTERPRETATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS; 4.6	SOIL STIFFNESS; 4.7	CORRELATIONS OF SETTLEMENT, STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS PARAMETERS USING SIMPLE LABORATORY TESTS; 4.7.1	Settlement parameters; 4.7.2	Shear strength parameters; 4.7.3	Soil stiffness; 4.8	DIFFICULT SOILS; 4.9	SUMMARY; EXERCISES; 5	CHAPTER 5 ¿ SITE CHARACTERIZATION; 5.0	INTRODUCTION; 5.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 5.2	PURPOSES OF SITE CHARACTERIZATION; 5.3	PHASES OF SITE CHARACTERIZATION; 5.4	MAPPING THE SUBSURFACE USING GEOPHYSICAL METHODS; 5.4.1	Ground penetrating radar (GPR); 5.4.2	Seismic surveys; 5.4.3	Electromagnetic surveys (EM); 5.5	MAPPING THE SUBSURFACE AND SAMPLING USING DESTRUCTIVE METHODS; 5.5.1	Which method is best for the project?; 5.5.2	Where should the borings be located?; 5.5.3	How many borings and at what depths?; 5.5.4	What methods and procedures should be used to advance the borings?; 5.5.5	How to sample the soils?; 5.5.6	What type of tests should be conducted?; 5.6	IN SITU TESTS; 5.6.1	 Standard penetration tests (SPT) ¿ ASTM D 1586; 5.6.2	Vane shear test (VST) ¿ ASTM D 2573; 5.6.3	Cone penetrometer test (CPT) ¿ ASTM D 5778; 5.6.4	Flat plate dilatometer (DMT); 5.6.5	Pressuremeter tests (PMT) ¿ ASTM D 4719; 5.6.6	Plate loading tests (PLT) - ASTM D 1194; 5.6.7	Hydraulic conductivity tests (HCT)- ASTM D 4043; 5.6.8	Comparison of in situ test; 5.7	LABORATORY TESTS; 5.8	GEOTECHNICAL REPORT; 5.9	EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR SETTLEMENT AND SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS; 5.10	LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL; 5.10.1	Basic concept; 5.10.2	Evaluation of liquefaction potential; 5.11	SUMMARY; PRACTICAL EXAMPLE; EXERCISES; 6	CHAPTER 6 ¿ UNCERTAINTIES IN FOUNDATION DESIGN, FOUNDATION DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGIES; 6.0	INTRODUCTION; 6.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 6.2	UNCERTAINTIES IN FOUNDATION DESIGN; 6.3	DESIGN PROCESS; 6.4	LIMIT STATES; 6.4.1	Ultimate limit state (ULS); 6.4.2	Serviceability limit state (SLS); 6.4.3	Limit State Provisions; 6.5	DESIGN METHODS; 6.5.1	Allowable stress design (ASD); 6.5.2	Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD); 6.5.3	ASD and LRFD to satisfy serviceability limit state; 6.6	WHICH DESIGN METHOD SHOULD BE USED?; 6.7	HOW DO I START?; 6.8	SUMMARY; EXERCISES; 7	CHAPTER 7¿ DESIGN OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS; 7.0	INTRODUCTION; 7.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 7.2	TYPES OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS; 7.3	BEARING CAPACTIY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS; 7.3.1	General bearing capacity for homogeneous soils; 7.3.1.1	Ultimate net bearing capacity; 7.3.1.2	Allowable bearing capacity; 7.3.1.3	Ultimate gross bearing capacity; 7.3.1.4	Bearing capacity for special cases; 7.3.1.5	Bearing capacity, geometric, compressibility and groundwater factors; 7.3.2	Combined loading; 7.3.2.1	Circular and rectangular foundations; 7.3.2.2	Strip foundation; 7.4	LAYERED SOILS; 7.4.1	Two layered fine-grained soils; 7.4.2	Coarse-grained soil over a fine-grained soil; 7.4.3	Practical guidelines for layered soils; 7.5	SOIL STRENGTH VARYING WITH DEPTH; 7.6	PRESUMPTIVE ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY; 7.7	SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS; 7.7.1	Immediate settlement; 7.7.2	Primary consolidation settlement; 7.7.3	Secondary Compression (Creep); 7.7.4	Modification to one-dimensional consolidation settlement to account for lateral stresses; 7.7.5	Time rate of settlement; 7.7.6	Thick layers; 7.7.7	Procedure to calculate consolidation settlement; 7.8	DETERMINATION OF BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT USING DATA FROM IN SITU TESTS; 7.8.1	SPT; 7.8.2	CPT; 7.8.3	Pressuremeter; 7.8.4	Plate load test; 7.9	SEISMIC BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOOTINGS; 7.10	BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT USING NUMERICAL METHODS; 7.11	DESIGN FOR DUCTILITY; 7.12	DESIGN ISSUES; 7.12.1	Soil improvement; 7.12.2	Drainage; 7.12.3	Foundation depth for horizontal load and environmental effects; 7.12.4	Expansive soils; 7.12.5	Global stability; 7.12.6	Construction; 7.12.7	Seismicity; 7.13	DESIGN PROCEDURES; 7.14	SUMMARY; PRACTICAL EXAMPLES; EXERCISES; 8	CHAPTER 8 ¿PILE FOUNDATIONS; 8.0	INTRODUCTION; 8.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 8.2	CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USE OF PILE FOUNDATIONS; 8.3	PILE TYPES; 8.4	PILE INSTALLATION; 8.5	LOAD CAPACITY OF SINGLE PILES; 8.6	LOAD CAPACITY USING STATICS- DRIVEN PILES; 8.6.1	? - Method - total stress analysis - short term loading in fine-grained soils; 8.6.2	?- Method - effective stress analysis ¿ long and short term short term conditions in coarse-grained soils and long term condition in fine-grained soils; 8.7	LOAD CAPACITYFOR DRIVEN PILES BASED ON SPT AND CPT RESULTS; 8.7.1	SPT (Meyerhof, 1976); 8.7.2	CPT; 8.8	LOAD;  CAPACITYFOR OF DRILLED SHAFTS; 8.8.1	The ? - method for fine-grained soils - total stress analysis; 8.8.2	The ?-method - effective stress analysis ¿ long and short term short term conditions in coarse-grained soils and long term condition in fine-grained soils; 8.9	UPLIFT RESISTANCE; 8.10	PILES SUBJECTED TO NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION; 8.11	GROUP PILES; 8.12	COMBINED AXIAL LOAD AND MOMENTS; 8.13	SETTLEMENT OF PILES; 8.13.1	Elastic settlement; 8.13.2	Settlement of drilled shafts; 8.13.3	Consolidation settlement under a pile group; 8.13.4	Procedure to estimate settlement of single and group piles; 8.14	PILE LOAD TEST; 8.15	LATERALLY LOADED PILES; 8.15.1	Basic concept; 8.15.2	Basic structural mechanics for laterally loaded piles; 8.16	DESIGN ISSUES AND PROCEDURES; 8.16.1	Evaluate the need for a pile foundation; 8.16.2	Pile selection; 8.16.3	Pile splicing; 8.16.4	Pile handling; 8.16.5	Scour; 8.16.6	Pile installation; 8.16.7	Pile verticality and pile batter; 8.16.8	Determination load capacity by using parameters that will lead to a ductile response; 8.16.9	Pile integrity during and after installation; 8.16.10	Cost; 8.17	SUMMARY; PRACTICAL EXAMPLES; EXERCISES; 9	CHAPTER 9¿ MAT FOUNDATIONS; 9.0	INTRODUCTION; 9.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 9.2	CONSIDERATIONS FOR USING MAT FOUNDATIONS; 9.3	TYPES OF MAT FOUNDATIONS; 9.4	DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; 9.5	PRESSURES ON A MAT FOUNDATION; 9.6	BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF MAT FOUNDATIONS; 9.7	STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MAT FOUNDATIONS; 9.7.1	Approximate analysis; 9.7.2	Mat on springs ¿ Winkler spring model; 9.7.3	Mat on soil as a continuum; 9.8	APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS FOR STIFFENED SLAB-ON-GRADE ON EXPANSIVE AND COLLAPSIBLE SOILS; 9.9	PILED-RAFT FOUNDATIONS; 9.10	 DESIGN ISSUES; 9.10.1	 Water content variations; 9.10.2	 Heaving; 9.10.3	 Foundation shape; 9.10.4	 Stability of excavation for rafts; 9.11	SUMMARY; PRACTICAL EXAMPLES; EXERCISES; 10	CHAPTER 10¿ STABILITY OF EARTH RETAINING WALLS ¿ RIGID AND FLEXIBLE WALLS; 10.0	INTRODUCTION; 10.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 10.2	BASIC CONCEPTS ON LATERAL EARTH PRESSURES; 10.3	LATERAL STRESSSES FRON SURFACE LOADS; 10.4	COLUMBS EARTH PRESSURE THEORY; 10.5	RANKINE¿S LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE FOR A SLOPING BACKFILL AND A SLOPING WALL FACE; 10.6	LATERAL EARH PRESSURES FOR A TOTAL STRESS ANALYSIS; 10.7	APLLICATION OF LATERLA EARTH PRESSURES TO RETAINING WALLS; 10.8	TYPES OF RETAINING WALLS AND MODES OF FAILURE; 10.9	STABILITY OF RIGID RETAINING WALLS; 10.10	 SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RIGID RETAINING WALLS; 10.11	 STABILITY OF FLEXIBILE RETAINING WALL; 10.11.1	 Analysis of Sheet Pile Walls in Uniform Soils; 10.11.2	 Analysis of Sheet Pile Walls in Mixed Soils; 10.11.3	 Consideration of Tension Cracks in Fine-Grained Soils; 10.11.4	 Methods of Analyses; 10.11.5	 Stability of Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls using Analytical Methods; 10.11.6	 Stability of Anchored Sheet Pile Walls using Analytical Methods; 10.11.7; 10.12	 BRACED EXCAVATION; 10.13	SUMMARY; PRACTICAL EXAMPLES; EXERCISES; 11	CHAPTER 11¿ MECHANICAL STABILIZED EARTH (MSE) WALLS AND OTHER RETAINING WALLS; 11.0	INTRODUCTION; 11.1	DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS; 11.2	BASIC CONCEPTS; 11.3	MECHANICAL EARTH STABILIZED (MSE) WALLS; 11.3.1	MSE Reinforcement; 11.3.2	Stability of Mechanical Stabilized Earth Walls; 11.4	SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF MSE WALLS; 11.5	IN-SITU REINFORCED WALLS ¿ SOIL NAILING; 11.5.1	Basic Concept; 11.5.2	Analysis of Soil Nail Walls; 11.6	OTHER TYPES OF RETAINING WALLS; 11.7	SUMMARY; PRACTICAL EXAMPLES; EXERCISES; APPENDIX A; APPENDIX B; APPENDIX C
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