TY  - BOOK
AU  - Lai,Loi Lei
AU  - Chan,Tze Fun
TI  - Distributed generation: induction and permanent magnet generators 
SN  - 9780470062081
AV  - TK1006 .L35 2007
PY  - 2007///]
CY  - Chichester, England, Hoboken, NJ
PB  - IEEE/Wiley
KW  - Distributed generation of electric power
KW  - Equipment and supplies
KW  - Electric machinery, Induction
KW  - Permanent magnet motors
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; About the Authors; 1. Distributed Generation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Reasons for DG; 1.3 Technical Impacts of DG; 1.3.1 DG Technologies; 1.3.2 Thermal Issues; 1.3.3 Voltage Profile Issues; 1.3.4 Fault-Level Contributions; 1.3.5 Harmonics and Interactions with Loads; 1.3.6 Interactions Between Generating Units; 1.3.7 Protection Issues; 1.4 Economic Impact of DG; 1.5 Barriers to DG Development; 1.6 Renewable Sources of Energy; 1.7 Renewable Energy Economics; 1.8 Interconnection; 1.8.1 Interconnection Standardization; 1.8.2 Rate Design; 1.9 Recommendations and Guidelines for DG Planning; 1.10 Summary; References; 2. Generators; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Synchronous Generator; 2.2.1 Permanent Magnet Materials; 2.2.2 Permanent Magnet Generator; 2.3 Induction Generator; 2.3.1 Three-Phase IGs and SEIGs; 2.3.2 Single-Phase IGs and SEIGs; 2.4 Doubly Fed Induction Generator; 2.4.1 Operation; 2.4.2 Recent Work; 2.5 Summary; References; 3. Three-Phase IG Operating on a Single-Phase Power System; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Phase Balancing Using Passive Circuit Elements; 3.2.1 Analysis of IG with Phase Converters; 3.2.2 Phase-Balancing Schemes; 3.2.3 Case Study; 3.2.4 System Power Factor; 3.2.5 Power and Efficiency; 3.2.6 Operation with Fixed Phase Converters; 3.2.7 Summary; 3.3 Phase Balancing using the Smith Connection; 3.3.1 Three-Phase IG with the Smith Connection; 3.3.2 Performance Analysis; 3.3.3 Balanced Operation; 3.3.4 Case Study; 3.3.5 Effect of Phase-Balancing Capacitances; 3.3.6 Dual-Mode Operation; 3.3.7 Summary; 3.4 Microcontroller-Based Multi-Mode Control of SMIG; 3.4.1 Phase Voltage Consideration; 3.4.2 Control System; 3.4.3 Practical Implementation; 3.4.4 Experimental Results; 3.4.5 Summary; 3.5 Phase-Balancing using a Line Current Injection Method; 3.5.1 Circuit Connection and Operating Principle; 3.5.2 Performance Analysis; 3.5.3 Balanced Operation; 3.5.4 Case Study; 3.5.5 Summary; References; 4. Finite Element Analysis of Grid-Connected IG with the Steinmetz Connection; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Steinmetz Connection and Symmetrical Components Analysis; 4.3 Machine Model; 4.4 Finite Element Analysis; 4.4.1 Basic Field Equations; 4.4.2 Stator Circuit Equations; 4.4.3 Stator EMFs; 4.4.4 Rotor Circuit Model; 4.4.5 Comments on the Proposed Method; 4.5 Computational Aspects; 4.6 Case Study; 4.7 Summary; References; 5. SEIGs for Autonomous Power Systems; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Three-Phase SEIG with the Steinmetz Connection; 5.2.1 Circuit Connection and Analysis; 5.2.2 Solution Technique; 5.2.3 Capacitance Requirement; 5.2.4 Computed and Experimental Results; 5.2.5 Capacitance Requirement on Load; 5.2.6 Summary; 5.3 SEIG with Asymmetrically Connected Impedances and Excitation Capacitances; 5.3.1 Circuit Model; 5.3.2 Performance Analysis; 5.3.3 Computed and Experimental Results; 5.3.4 Modified Steinmetz Connection; 5.3.5 Simplified Steinmetz Connection; 5.3.6 Summary; 5.4 Self-regulated SEIG for Single-Phase Loads; 5.4.1 Circuit Connection and Analysis; 5.4.2 Effect of Series Compensation Capacitance; 5.4.3 Experimental Results and Discussion; 5.4.4 Effect of Load Power Factor; 5.4.5 Summary; 5.5 SEIG with the Smith Connection; 5.5.1 Circuit Connection and Operating Principle; 5.5.2 Performance Analysis; 5.5.3 Balanced Operation; 5.5.4 Results and Discussion; 5.5.5 Summary; References; 6. Voltage and Frequency Control of SEIG with Slip-Ring Rotor; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Performance Analysis of SESRIG; 6.3 Frequency and Voltage Control; 6.4 Control with Variable Stator Load; 6.5 Practical Implementation; 6.5.1 Chopper-Controlled Rotor External Resistance; 6.5.2 Closed-Loop Control; 6.5.3 Tuning of PI Controller; 6.5.4 Dynamic Response; 6.6 Summary; References; 7. PMSGs For Autonomous Power Systems; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Principle and Construction of PMSG with Inset Rotor; 7.3 Analysis for Unity-Power-Factor Loads; 7.3.1 Analysis Using the Two-Axis Model; 7.3.2 Design Considerations; 7.3.3 Computed Results; 7.3.4 Experimental Results; 7.3.5 Summary; 7.4 A Comprehensive Analysis; 7.4.1 Basic Equations and Analysis; 7.4.2 Conditions for Zero Voltage Regulation; 7.4.3 Extremum Points in the Load Characteristic; 7.4.4 Power-Load Angle Relationship; 7.4.5 The Saturated Two-Axis Model; 7.4.6 Summary; 7.5 Computation of Synchronous Reactances; 7.5.1 Analysis Based on FEM; 7.5.2 Computation of Xd and Xq; 7.5.3 Computed Results; 7.5.4 Summary; 7.6 Analysis using Time-Stepping 2-D FEM; 7.6.1 Machine Model and Assumptions; 7.6.2 Coupled Circuit and Field Analysis; 7.6.3 Magnetic Saturation Consideration; 7.6.4 Computed Results; 7.6.5 Experimental Verification; 7.6.6 Summary; References; 8. Conclusions; 8.1 Accomplishments of the Book; 8.2 Future Work; Reference; Appendix A. Analysis for IG and SEIG; A.1 Symmetrical Components Equations for IG; A.2 Positive-Sequence and Negative-Sequence Circuits of IG; A.3 Vp and Vn for IG with Dual-Phase Converters; A.4 Derivation of Angular Relationship; A.5 Input Impedance of SEIG with the Steinmetz Connection; References; Appendix B. The Method of Hooke and Jeeves; Reference; Appendix C. A Note on the Finite Element Method [1]; C.1 Energy Functional and Discretization; C.2 Shape Functions; C.3 Functional Minimization and Global Assembly; Reference; Appendix D. Technical Data of Experimental Machines; D.1 Machine IG1; D.2 Machine IG2; D.3 Prototype PMSG with Inset Rotor; Index
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