TY  - BOOK
AU  - Appelo,C.A.J
AU  - Postma,Dieke
TI  - Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution
SN  - 0415364213
AV  - GB855 .A62 2005
PY  - 2005///]
CY  - Leiden, New York
PB  - Balkema
KW  - Water chemistry
KW  - Groundwater
KW  - Pollution
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; Preface;  Contents;  LIST OF EXAMPLES;  NOTATION;  1 INTRODUCTION TO GROUNDWATER GEOCHEMISTRY;  1.1 Groundwater as drinking water;  1.1.1 Standards for drinking water;  1.2 Units of analysis;  1.3 Groundwater quality;  1.4 Sampling of groundwater;  1.4.1 Depth integrated or depth specific sampling;  1.4.2 Procedures for sampling of groundwater;  1.5 Chemical analysis of groundwater;  1.5.1 Field analyses and sample conservation;  1.5.2 Accuracy of chemical analysis;  Problems;  References;  2 FROM RAINWATER TO GROUNDWATER;  2.1 The hydrological cycle. 3.2.4 The aquifer as a chemical reactor3.3 Dating of groundwater;  3.4 Retardation;  3.4.1 The retardation equation;  3.4.2 Indifferent and broadening fronts;  3.4.3 Sharpening fronts;  3.4.4 Solid and solute concentrations;  3.5 Diffusion;  3.5.1 Diffusion coefficients;  3.5.2 Diffusion as a random process;  3.5.3 Diffusive transport;  3.5.4 Isotope diffusion;  3.6 Dispersion;  3.6.1 Column breakthrough curves;  3.6.2 Dispersion coefficients and dispersivity;  3.6.3 Macrodispersivity;  Problems;  References;  4 MINERALS AND WATER;  4.1 Equilibria and the solubility of minerals. 4.2 Corrections for solubility calculations4.2.1 Concentration and activity;  4.2.2 Aqueous complexes;  4.2.3 Combined complexes and activity corrections;  4.2.4 Calculation of saturation states;  4.3 Mass action constants and thermodynamics;  4.3.1 The calculation of mass action constants;  4.3.2 Calculation of mass action constants at different temperature;  4.4 Equilibrium calculations with PHREEQC;  4.4.1 Speciation calculations using PHREEQC;  4.4.2 The PHREEQC database;  4.4.3 Mineral equilibration;  4.5 Solid solutions;  4.5.1 Basic theory;  4.5.2 The fractionation factor for solid solutions. 4.5.3 Kinetic effects on the fractionation factor4.6 Kinetics of geochemical processes;  4.6.1 Kinetics and equilibrium;  4.6.2 Chemical reactions and rates;  4.6.3 Temperature dependency of reaction rates;  4.6.4 Mechanisms of dissolution and crystallization;  4.6.5 Rate laws for mineral dissolution and precipitation;  Problems;  References;  5 CARBONATES AND CARBON DIOXIDE;  5.1 Carbonate minerals;  5.2 Dissolved carbonate equilibria;  5.2.1 The carbonic acid system;  5.2.2 Determining the carbonate speciation in groundwater;  5.3 Carbon dioxide in soils;  5.4 Calcite solubility and PCO2
ER  -