TY  - BOOK
AU  - Gilbert,R.I.
AU  - Ranzi,Gianluca
TI  - Time-dependent behaviour of concrete structures
SN  - 9780415493840
AV  - TA440 .G449 2011
PY  - 2011///
CY  - London, New York
PB  - Spon
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Service life
KW  - Concrete structures
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; Contents;  	Preface	;  	Acknowledgements	;  	Notation and sign convention	; 1	Time-dependent deformation	; 1.1	Background	; 1.1.1	Concrete strain components	; 1.1.2	Typical concrete strain magnitudes	; 1.2	Creep of concrete	; 1.2.1	Creep mechanisms and influencing factors	; 1.2.2	Creep components	; 1.2.3	Effects of ageing	; 1.2.4	The creep coefficient, φ (t, τ), and the creep function, J (t, τ)	; 1.2.5	The principle of superposition	; 1.2.6	Tensile creep	; 1.2.7	The effects of creep on structural behaviour	; 1.3	Shrinkage of concrete	; 1.3.1	Types of shrinkage	; 1.3.2	Factors affecting shrinkage	; 1.3.3	The effects of shrinkage on structural behaviour	; 1.4	Time analysis - the basic problem	; 1.5	References	; 2	Material properties	; 2.1	Concrete	; 2.1.1	Introductory remarks	; 2.1.2	Compressive and tensile strength	; 2.1.3	Elastic modulus	; 2.1.4	Creep coefficient	; 2.1.5	Shrinkage strain	; 2.2	Steel reinforcement	; 2.2.1	General	; 2.2.2	Conventional, non-prestressed reinforcement	; 2.2.3	Prestressing steel	; 2.3	References	; 3	Design for serviceability - deflection and crack control	; 3.1	Introduction	; 3.2	Design objectives and criteria	; 3.3	Design actions	; 3.4	Design criteria for serviceability	; 3.4.1	Deflection limits	; 3.4.2	Crack width limits	; 3.5	Maximum span-to-depth ratio - minimum thickness	;  	Example 3.1	; 3.6	Deflection control by simplified calculation	; 3.6.1	Calculation of deformation	; 3.6.2	Load versus deflection response of a reinforced concrete member	; 3.6.3	Modular ratio theory	; 3.6.4	AS 3600-2009 and ACI 318-08	; 3.6.4.1	Instantaneous deflection	; 3.6.4.2	Time-dependent deflection	;  	Example 3.2	; 3.6.5	Eurocode 2	; 3.6.5.1	Instantaneous curvature	; 3.6.5.2	Time-dependent curvature	;  	Example 3.3	; 3.6.6	Recommended simplified approach	; 3.6.6.1	Instantaneous deflection	; 3.6.6.2	Time-dependent creep-induced curvature	; 3.6.6.3	Time-dependent shrinkage-induced curvature	;  	Example 3.4	; 3.7	Crack control	; 3.7.1	General	; 3.7.2	Simplified code-oriented approaches for flexural crack control	; 3.7.2.1	Gergely and Lutz	; 3.7.2.2	Frosch	; 3.7.2.3	Eurocode 2 - 1992	; 3.7.2.4	Eurocode 2 - 2004	; 3.7.2.5	ACI 318-08	;  	Example 3.5	; 3.7.3	Tension chord model for flexural cracking in reinforced concrete	;  	Example 3.6	;  	Example 3.7	; 3.7.4	Model for direct tension cracking in restrained reinforced concrete	;  	Example 3.8	; 3.8	References	; 4	Uncracked sections - axial loading	; 4.1	Preamble	; 4.2	The effective modulus method	; 4.2.1	Formulation	; 4.2.2	Example application (EMM)	;  	Example 4.1	; 4.3	The principle of superposition - step-by-step method (SSM)	; 4.3.1	Formulation	; 4.3.2	Example application (SSM) - Approach 1	; 4.3.2.1	At first loading (t = τO)	; 4.3.2.2	At the end of the j-th time step (id est t = τj)	;  	Example 4.2	; 4.3.3	Example application (SSM) - Approach 2	;  	Example 4.3	; 4.4	The age-adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM)	; 4.4.1	Formulation	; 4.4.2	Example application (AEMM) - Approach 1	; 4.4.3	Determination of the ageing coefficient	;  	Example 4.4	; 4.4.4	Example application (AEMM) - Approach 2	;  	Example 4.5	; 4.5	The rate of creep method (RCM)	; 4.5.1	Formulation	; 4.5.2	Discussion	; 4.5.3	Example application (RCM)	;  	Example 4.6	; 4.6	Comparison of methods of analysis	; 4.7	References	; 5	Uncracked sections - axial force and uniaxial bending	; 5.1	Introductory remarks	; 5.2	Overview of cross-sectional analysis	; 5.3	Short-term analysis of reinforced or prestressed concrete cross-sections	;  	Example 5.1	;  	Example 5.2	; 5.4	Long-term analysis of reinforced or prestressed concrete cross-sections using the age-adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM)	;  	Example 5.3	;  	Example 5.4	; 5.5	Long-term analysis of reinforced and prestressed cross-sections using the step-by-step procedure	;  	Example 5.5	;  	Example 5.6	; 5.6	Composite steel-concrete cross-sections	;  	Example 5.7	;  	Example 5.8	; 5.7	Composite concrete-concrete cross-sections	; 5.7.1	Short-term analysis	; 5.7.2	Time analysis - AEMM	;  	Example 5.9	; 5.7.3	Time analysis - SSM	;  	Example 5.10	; 5.8	References	; 6	Uncracked sections - axial force and biaxial bending	; 6.1	Introduction	; 6.2	Short-term analysis	;  	Example 6.1	;  	Example 6.2	;  	Example 6.3	; 6.3	Long-term analysis using the age-adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM)	;  	Example 6.4	;  	Example 6.5	; 6.4	Long-term analysis using the step-by-step method	; 7	Cracked sections	; 7.1	Introductory remarks	; 7.2	Short-term analysis	; 7.2.1	Axial force and uniaxial bending	;  	Example 7.1	;  	Example 7.2	; 7.2.2	Axial force and biaxial bending	; 7.3	Time-dependent analysis (AEMM)	; 7.3.1	Axial force and uniaxial bending	;  	Example 7.3	;  	Example 7.4	; 7.3.2	Axial force and biaxial bending	; 7.4	Short- and long-term analysis using the step-by-step method	; 7.4.1	Axial force and uniaxial bending	; 7.4.1.1	Instantaneous analysis	; 7.4.1.2	Time analysis	; 7.4.2	Axial force and biaxial bending	; 7.5	References	; 8	Members and structures	; 8.1	Introductory remarks	; 8.2	Deflection of statically determinate beams	; 8.2.1	Deflection and axial shortening of uncracked beams	;  	Example 8.1	; 8.2.2	Control of deflection using non-prestressed reinforcement	; 8.2.3	Deflection and axial shortening of cracked beams	;  	Example 8.2	; 8.3	Statically indeterminate beams and slabs	; 8.3.1	Discussion	; 8.3.2	Determination of redundants	;  	Example 8.3	;  	Example 8.4	; 8.3.3	Effects of deformation or settlement at the supports	;  	Example 8.5	; 8.3.4	Further effects of creep in prestressed construction	;  	Example 8.6	; 8.4	Two-way slab systems	; 8.4.1	Discussion	; 8.4.2	Slab deflection models	; 8.4.3	Two-way edge-supported slabs	;  	Example 8.7	; 8.4.4	Flat slabs	;  	Example 8.8	; 8.5	Slender reinforced concrete columns	; 8.5.1	Discussion	; 8.5.2	An iterative method of analysis	;  	Example 8.9	; 8.6	Temperature effects	; 8.6.1	Introduction	; 8.6.2	Temperature distributions	; 8.6.3	Temperature analysis of cross-sections	;  	Example 8.10	; 8.6.4	Temperature effects in members and structures	;  	Example 8.11	; 8.7	Concluding remarks	; 8.8	References	; 9	Stiffness method and finite-element modelling	; 9.1	Introduction	; 9.2	Overview of the stiffness method	; 9.3	Member loads	;  	Example 9.1	; 9.4	Time analysis using AEMM	;  	Example 9.2	; 9.5	Time analysis using SSM	;  	Example 9.3	; 9.6	Time analysis using the finite-element method	; 9.6.1	Load vector to account for time effects using the AEMM	; 9.6.2	Load vector to account for time effects using the SSM	; 9.6.3	Remarks on the consistency requirements for finite elements	;  	Example 9.4	; 9.7	Analysis of cracked members	; 9.7.1	Approach 1	; 9.7.2	Approach 2	; 9.8	References	; Appendix A	Analytical formulations - Euler-Bernoulli beam model	; A.1	Introduction	; A.2	Kinematic model	; A.3	Weak formulation (global balance condition)	; A.4	Finite element formulation	; A.4.1	Age-adjusted effective modulus method	; A.4.2	Step-by-step method	; A.5	Strong formulation (local balance condition)	; A.5.1	Instantaneous analysis	; A.5.1.1	Stiffness matrix	; A.5.1.2	Equivalent nodal actions for member loads	; A.5.1.3	Post-processing of the instantaneous solution	; A.5.2	Age-adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM)	; A.5.2.1	Equivalent nodal actions at time τk	; A.5.2.2	Post-processing of the solution at time τk	; A.5.3	Step-by-step method (SSM)	; A.5.3.1	Equivalent nodal actions at time τk	; A.5.3.2	Post-processing of the solution at time τi	; A.6	References	;  	Index
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