Timing for animation / Harald Whitaker and John Halas ; updated by Tim Sito.

Previous edition: 1981.

Includes index.

--Foreword / John Lasseter --Introduction --General Principles of Timing --The Storyboard --Responsibility of the Director --The Basic Unit of Time in Animation --Timing for Television vs. Timing for Feature Films --Slugging --Bar Sheets --Timing for Traditional Animation: Exposure Charts or Exposure Sheets --Timing for an Overseas Production --Timing for a 2D Digital Production --Timing for a 3D Digital Production --Timing for an Actor-Based Program (Performance or Motion Capture) --Animation and Properties of Matter --Movement and Caricature --Cause and Effect --Newton's Laws of Motion --Objects Thrown Through the Air --Timing of Inanimate Objects --Rotating Objects --Force Transmitted Through a Flexible Joint --Force Transmitted Through Jointed Limbs --Spacing of Drawings - General Remarks --Spacing of Drawings --Timing a Slow Action --Timing a Fast Action --Getting Into and Out of Holds --Single Frames or Double Frames? Ones or Twos? --How Long to Hold? --Anticipation --Follow Through --Overlapping Action --Timing an Oscillating Movement --Timing to Suggest Weight and Force - 1 --Timing to Suggest Weight and Force - 2 --Timing to Suggest Weight and Force - 3 --Timing to Suggest Weight and Force - 4 --Timing to Suggest Force: Repeat Action --Character Reactions and 'Takes' --Timing to Give a Feeling of Size --The Effects of Friction, Air Resistance and Wind --Timing Cycles - How Long a Repeat? --Multiple Character Scenes --Digital Crowd Scenes --Effects Animation: Flames and Smoke --Water --Rain --Snow --Explosions --Digital Effects --Repeat Movements of Inanimate Objects --Timing a Walk --Types of Walk --Spacing of Drawings in Perspective Animation --Timing Animals' Movements --Other Quadrupeds --Timing an Animal's Gallop --Bird Flight --Drybrush (Speed Lines) and Motion Blur --Accentuating a Movement --Strobing --Fast Run Cycles --Characterization (Acting) --The Use of Timing to Suggest Mood --Synchronizing Animation to Speech --Lip-Sync - 1 --Lip-Sync - 2 --Lip-Sync - 3 --Timing and Music --Traditional Camera Movements --3D Camera Moves --Peg Movements in Traditional Animation --Peg Movements in 3D Animation --Editing Animation --Editing for Feature Films --Editing for Television Episodes --Editing for Children's Programming --Editing for Internet Downloads --Games --Conclusion