Introduction to Turkish law / Dr. Yücel Oğurlu, Faculty of Law, Administrative Law ; Bünyamin Gürpınar, Faculty of Law, Commercial Law.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 227-231) and index.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE for SECOND EDITION VII PREFACE IX TABLE OF CONTENTS XI INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter One LEGAL RULES I. HUMAN, SOCIETY, STATE AND LAW 3 A. HUMAN, SOCIETY, STATE AND LAW IN GENERAL 3 B. DEFINITION OF LAW 5 II. SOCIAL RULES 6 A. RELIGIOUS PRINCIPLES 6 B. MORAL CODES 7 C. ETIQUETTE 7 D. LEGAL RULES 7 1. Classification of Legal Rules According to Their Contents 7 a. Compulsory Legal Rules 8 born Spare Legal Rules 8 c. Descriptive Legal Rules 8 2. Common Characteristics of Legal Rules 8 III. RULE AND SANCTION 9 A. SANCTION 9 B. PUNISHMENT 10 1. Prison Sentences 10 2. Fines 11 a. Judicial Fines 11 born Administrative Fines 11 3. Non-judicial Punishments 12 C. SECURITY PRECAUTIONS 12 D. COMPULSORY EXECUTION 13 E. COMPENSATION 13 F. INVALIDITY 14 G. CANCELLATION IN ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS 15 IV. VARIOUS MEANINGS OF WORD "LAW" 16 A. POSITIVE LAW 16 B. IDEAL (NATURAL) LAW 17 C. LIVING LAW 18 Chapter Two SOURCES OF LAW I. "SOURCE" CONCEPT IN LAW 19 A. SOCIOLOGIC SOURCES 20 B. INFORMATION SOURCES 21 C. LAW-MAKING SOURCES 21 D. ENFORCEMENT SOURCES 21 1. Direct Sources 22 a. Written Sources 22 aa. Constitution 23 aaa. Material and Formal Constitution 23 bbb. Flexible and Rigid Constitutions 23 ccc. Constitutions in Turkey 24 bb. Laws and Rules Equivalent to Laws 25 aaa. Laws 25 bbb. International Conventions 27 ccc. TGNA House Rules of Procedures 29 cc. Regulatory Acts of Execution 29 aaa. Statutory Decrees (SD) 29 dd. Legislation 32 ee. Regulations 32 ff. Special Regulatory Acts 33 b. Unwritten Sources 33 2. Indirect Sources 34 a. Decisional Laws 34 b. Decisions on the Unification of Conflicting Judgments. 34 c. Scientific Opinions (Doctrine) 35 II. LEGAL ORDER AND HIERARCHY OF NORMS 35 III. JUDGE’S CREATING LAW AND DISCRETIONAL POWER... 36 A. JUDGE’S LAW CREATING POWER 36 B. DISCRETIONAL POWER OF JUDGE 37 Chapter Three CONCEPT OF RIGHT AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES PERTAINING TO RIGHTS I. DEFINITION OF RIGHT 39 II. TYPES OF RIGHTS 40 A. PUBLIC RIGHTS 40 1. Criteria of Public and Exclusive Rights 41 2. Types of Public Rights 41 a. Personal Public Rights 42 b. Social and Economic Public Rights 42 c. Political Public Rights 43 d. Solidarity Rights 43 B. EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS 43 1. Exclusive Rights in terms of Their Quality 44 Absolute Rights 45 aa. Absolute Rights Over Persons 45 bb. Absolute Rights over Assets 45 Relative Rights 46 2. Exclusive Rights with regards to their Subjects 47 Property Ownership Rights 47 Individual Ownership Rights 48 3. Exclusive Rights With Regards to Their Legal Effects 48 Rights of Causing New Legal Situations 48 Rights of Not Causing New Legal Situations 49 4. Exclusive Rights with regard to Assignability 49 Transferable Rights 50 Untransferable Rights 50 C. WAYS OF ACQUISITION OF RIGHTS 50 1. Legal Events 51 2. Legal Acts 51 a. Lawful Legal Acts 51 b. Unlawful Legal Acts 52 3. Legal Transactions 52 a. As per Wills Explained 53 aa. Unilateral Legal Transactions 53 bb. Bilateral and Multilateral Legal Transactions 53 b. As per the effect it makes to assets 54 aa. Promissory Transactions 54 bb. Dispositive Transactions 54 cc. Acquisitive Transactions 54 c. With regards to the Moment Legal Conclusion Comes True 55 aa. Transactions Due to Death 55 bb. Legal Transactions between Alives 55 D. MEANS OF ACQUIRING RIGHTS 56 1. Original Acquisition 56 2. Acquisition by Transfer 56 3. Acquisition by Creation 57 E. BONA FIDE IN THE ACQUISITION AND USE OF RIGHTS 57 1. Good Faiths in the Acquisition of Rights 57 2. Objective Bona Fide=Good Faith 58 3. Abusing of Rights 59 F. PROTECTION OF RIGHTS 60 1. Right to Demand and Right of Action 60 a. Right to Demand 60 b. Right of Action 61 c. Types of Actions 61 aa. Action for Performance 62 bb. Declaratory Action 62 cc. Actions Causing New Legal Situations 63 2. Compulsory Execution 63 3. Protection of Right With Own Power 64 a. Self-defense 64 b. State of Necessity 64 c. Protection of Right with Own Power 65 Chapter Four PARTS OF LAW I. CUTTING LAW INTO SECTIONS 67 II. SEPERATION OF PUBLIC LAW-PRIVATE LAW 67 A. BRANCHES OF PUBLIC LAW 69 1. Constitutional Law 69 a. Constitution 70 b. "State of Law": (Rechstaat, Rule of Law) 70 c. Organs of State 72 aa. Legislative Organ and Its Duties 72 bb. Executive Organ 73 aaa. President 73 bbb. Cabinet 74 cc. Jurisdiction 75 aaa. Accounting Jurisdiction (Court of Accounts) ....76 bbb. Election Jurisdiction (Supreme Committee of Elections) 76 ccc. Dispute Jurisdiction 76 ddd. Constitutional Jurisdiction 77 2. Administrative Law 79 3. Criminal Law 81 4. Procedural Law 82 a. Law of Civil Procedure 84 born Law of Criminal Procedure 85 5. Law of Nations 85 6. Tax Law 86 B. BRANCHES OF PRIVATE LAW 86 1. Civil Law 86 a. Law of Real Persons 87 aa. Capacity to have rights and to act 87 bb. Classification of Real Persons According to Capacities to act 90 born Legal Entities 92 c. Law of Property 93 d. Law of Inheritance 94 2. Obligations Law 94 3. Commercial Law 95 4. Private International Law 95 C. MIXED LAW BRANCHES 96 1. Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law 96 2. Labor Law 97 ANNEX I: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY (1982) 99 ANNEX II: THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND ITS FIVE PROTOCOLS 203 BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 INDEX 241