Foundations of music education / Harold F. Abeles, Charles R. Hoffer, Robert H. Klotman

Preface Introduction: Why Study Foundations of Music Education?1 1History of Music Education3 Early Greek and Roman Music Education3 The Middle Ages5 The Founding of Conservatories and Schools of Music6 Music Education in the United States7 2Philosophical Foundations of Music Education41 Reasons for Considering Philosophical Matters41 Three Basic Philosophical Viewpoints42 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Three Viewpoints47 Philosophical Viewpoints and Education51 3The Musical and Aesthetic Foundations of Music Education65 Reasons for Music and the Arts in Schools65 Why Listen to Art Music?67 Characteristics of the Aesthetic Experience74 The Aesthetic Mode of Thinking77 Quality in Musical Works79 Teaching Music for Its Aesthetic-Musical Qualities83 The Nonmusical Values of Music86 4The Role and Purpose of Music in American Education97 The Role of Education97 Music Learning102 Administration and Supervision: Its Function110 A Rationale for Music in the Schools112 5Sociological Foundations of Music Education117 Nature Versus Nurture117 The Process of Socialization120 Music as Human Behavior121 Factors Affecting Musical Behavior123 6Social Psychological Foundations of Music Education149 Self-Image149 Roles and Expectations159 Competition/Cooperation162 Leadership165 Feelings of Self-Confidence167 Attitudes169 7Psychological Foundations of Music Education189 Theoretical Positions189 Child Development194 Cognitive Processes202 Motivation212 Contextual Factors218 Musical Ability222 8Applications of Psychology to Music Teaching233 Taxonomies of Educational Objectives233 Stating Music Objectives Behaviorally243 Accountability249 Individualized Music Instruction250 Programmed and Computer-Based Instruction253 Music Instruction with Computers255 A Behavioral Approach to Music Instruction260 Gordon's Learning Theory264 9Curriculum271 Definitions of Curriculum271 Curriculum Development275 Guides and Courses of Study282 Multicultural Music Education285 Interrelationships Among the Arts287 Music Education for the Handicapped291 Discipline-Based Music Education292 Music in Early Childhood Education293 Performing and Performances294 Electronic Instruments in Curriculum Development295 10Assessing Musical Behaviors303 Some Measurement Theory305 Types of Tests309 Traditional Approaches to Assessing Classroom Music Achievement313 Alternative Approaches to Assessment320 Program Evaluation322 The National Assessment of Music326 Evaluation of Music Teachers332 11Research and Music Education341 Science and Personal Experience341 Values of Research343 Acceptance of Research by Music Educators348 Locating Research Reports352 Analysis of Research Results354 Research Methods356 Reading Research Reports363 Analysis of the Study372 12Teacher Education and Future Directions379 Music Education as a Profession379 Teaching as an Art395 "America 2000"396 Index