| 000 | 06221nam a2200361 i 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 008 | 070314s2006 ne a b 001 0 eng c | ||
| 010 | _a2007464090 | ||
| 020 | _a1402051638 | ||
| 020 | _a9781402051630 | ||
| 035 | _a(OCoLC)85885572 | ||
| 040 |
_aERL _cERL _dBAKER _dIXA _dAGL _dYDXCP _dDLC _dOBE |
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| 049 | _aBAUN_MERKEZ | ||
| 050 | 0 | 4 |
_aQD341.P5 _bV47 2006 |
| 100 | 1 | _aVermerris Wilfred | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 |
_aPhenolic compound biochemistry / _cby Wilfred Vermerris and Ralph Nicholson |
| 264 | 1 |
_aDordrecht, The Netherlands : _bSpringer, _c[2006] |
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| 264 | 4 | _c©2006 | |
| 300 |
_axii, 276 pages : _billustrations ; _c25 cm |
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| 336 |
_atext _btxt _2rdacontent |
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| 337 |
_aunmediated _bn _2rdamedia |
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| 338 |
_avolume _bnc _2rdacarrier |
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| 504 | _aIncludes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 505 | 0 | 0 |
_tTable Of Contents: _tPREFACE _tCHAPTER 1 Families of Phenolic Compounds and Means of Classification _t1. Definitions _t2. Classification _t3. Classes of phenolic compounds _t3.1 Simple phenolics _t3.2 Phenolic acids and aldehydes _t3.3 Acetophenones and phenylacetic acids _t3.4 Cinnamic acids _t3.5 Coumarins _t3.6 Flavonoids _t3.6.1 Chalcones _t3.6.2 Aurones _t3.6.3 Flavonoids _t3.6.3.1 Flavanones _t3.6.3.2 Flavanonols _t3.6.3.3 Leucoanthocyanidins _t3.6.3.4 Flavones _t3.6.3.5 Anthocyanidins and deoxyanthocyandins _t3.6.3.6 Anthocyanins _t3.7 Biflavonyls _t3.8 Benzophenones, xanthones and stilbenes _t3.9 Benzoquinones, anthraquinones and naphthaquinones _t3.10 Betacyanins _t3.11 Lignans _t3.12 Lignin _t3.13 Tannins _t3.13.1 Condensed tannins _t3.13.2 Gallotannins _t3.13.3 Ellagitannins _t3.13.4 Complex tannins _t3.14 Phlobaphenes _t4. References _tCHAPTER 2 Chemical Properties of Phenolic Compounds _t1.1 The benzene ring _t1.2 Planar versus non-planar bonds _t1.3 The acidic nature of the phenolic hydroxyl group _t1.3.1 The effects of substituents on acidity _t1.3.2 Use of acidity in separations _t1.4 Hydrogen bonding and the phenolic hydroxyl group _t1.4.1 Intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds _t1.4.2 Stability of the hydrogen bond ring _t1.5 Metal complexes _t1.6 Esterification _t1.7 Ethers and glycosides _t1.8 Oxidation of the phenolic hydroxyl group _t1.8.1 Auto-oxidation of phenolic compounds _t1.8.2 Enzymatic oxidation of the phenolic hydroxyl group _t1.8.2.1 E.C. 1.10.3 _t1.8.2.2 E.C. 1.14.18.1 _t1.8.2.3 E.C. 1.11.1. _t1.9 Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants _t2. References _tCHAPTER 3 Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds _t1. Introduction _t2. Protein isolation and purification _t3. Gene cloning strategies _t3.1 Insertional mutagenesis _t3.2 Map-based cloning _t3.3 The candidate-gene approach _t3.4 QTL mapping _t4. Isolation and characterization of recombinant proteins _t5. Carbohydrate catabolism _t5.1 Glycolysis _t5.2 The pentose phosphate pathway _t6. The shikimate pathway _t7. The general phenylpropanoid pathway _t8. Biosynthesis of phenolic acids _t8.1 Salicylic acid _t8.2 Gallic acid _t9. Biosynthesis of flavonoids and condensed tannins _t9.1 Structural genes and enzymes _t9.2 Regulatory genes _t10. Monolignol biosynthesis _t11. Lignan biosynthesis _t12. Lignin biosynthesis _t12.1 Genetic control of lignification _t12.2 Monolignol transport and polymerization _t12.3 Modification of lignin for agro-industrial applications _t12.3.1 Pulp and paper industry _t12.3.2 Forage and silage quality _t12.3.3 Ethanol production from ligno-cellulosic biomass _t13. Hydroxycinnamic acid biosynthesis _t14. Biosynthesis of sinapoyl esters _t15. Coumarin biosynthesis _t16. Stilbene biosynthesis _t17. Biosynthesis of gallotarmins and ellagitannins _t18. References _tCHAPTER 4 Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Compounds _t1. Introduction _t2. Isolation of phenolic compounds _t2.1 Total phenolic content: the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent _t2.2 Determining the content of condensed tannins _t2.2.1 The butanol-HCl assay _t2.2.2 The vanillin assay _t2.2.3 Precipitation of condensed tannins with formaldehyde _t2.3 Determining the content of gallotannins _t2.3.1 The potassium iodate assay _t2.3.2 The rhodanine assay _t2.4 Determining the content of ellagitannins _t2.4.1 Nitrous acid oxidation _t2.4.2 The NaNO2/HCl assay _t2.5 Determining lignin content _t2.5.1 Klason lignin _t2.5.2 Acid detergent lignin _t2.5.3 Thioglycolic acid lignin _t2.5.4 Acetylbromide lignin _t3. Identification and characterization of phenolic compounds _t3.1 Thin layer chromatography _t3.2 Liquid chromatography: HPLC and LC-MS _t3.3 Gas chromatography _t3.4 Methods for the identification of lignin subunit composition _t3.4.1 The nitrobenzene oxidation _t3.4.2 Thioacidolysis _t3.4.3 Derivatiation Followed by Reductive Cleavage _t3.4.4 Analytical pyrolysis _t3.4.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance _t3.4.6 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy _t4. Visualization of phenolic compounds in planta using histochemical stains _t4.1 An overview of histochemical staining protocols _t4.2 Visualizing plant-pathogen interactions involving phenolics with histochemical stains _t5. References _tCHAPTER 5 Analysis of Phenolic Compounds with Mass Spectrometry _t1. The principles of mass spectrometry _t1.1 Ionization _t1.2 Mass Analysis _t1.3 Detectors _t1.4 Sample introduction _t2. New developments in mass spectrometry _t2.1 Fast atom bombardment _t2.2 Plasma desorption ionization _t2.3 Electrospray ionization _t2.4 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization _t3. Quantitation _t4. References _tCHAPTER 6 The Role of Phenols in Plant Defense _t1. Preformed antimicrobial and insecticidal metabolites _t1.1 Chlorogenic acid _t1.2 Phloridzin and phloretin _t1.3 Cyanogenic glycosides _t1.4 Tuliposides _t1.5 Protocatechuic acid _t1.6 Lignin _t1.7 C-glycosyl flavones _t2. Compounds formed in response to pathogen attack _t2.1 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins _t2.2 Pisatin _t2.3 Stilbenes _t2.4 Salicylic acid _t2.5 Lignin _t3. References _tCHAPTER 7 Phenolic Compounds and their Effects on Human Health _t1. Introduction _t2. Antioxidant properties _t3. Disease prevention _t4. Activity against toxins _t5. References _tAppendix _tIndex |
| 650 | 0 | _aPhenols | |
| 650 | 0 |
_aPhenols _xSynthesis |
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| 650 | 0 |
_aPhenols _xIdentification |
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| 650 | 0 | _aBotanical chemistry | |
| 650 | 0 | _aMass spectrometry | |
| 700 | 1 | _aNicholson, Ralph L | |
| 900 | _a28405 | ||
| 900 | _bsatın | ||
| 942 |
_2lcc _cKT |
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| 999 |
_c25115 _d25115 |
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