000			13244nam a2200385 i 4500
008			120620s2012 flu b 001 0 eng
010			_a2012025565
020			_a9781466503038 _q(hardback)
020			_a1466503033 _q(hardback)
035			_a(OCoLC)752072430
040			_aDLC _beng _cDLC _dBTCTA _dOCLCO _dUKMGB _dYDXCP _dBWX
049			_aBAUN_MERKEZ
050	0	4	_aTK7881.15 _b.E525 2012
082	0	0	_223
100	1		_aEl-Sharkawi, Mohamed A
245	1	0	_aElectric energy : _ban introduction / _cMohamed A. El-Sharkawi
250			_a3rd ed
264		1	_aBoca Raton, FL : _bTaylor and Francis, _c2012.
263			_a1308
300			_axxiii, 581 pages : _billustrations ; _c26 cm
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _bn _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _bnc _2rdacarrier
490	1		_aPower electronics and applications series
505	0	0	_tTable Of Contents: _tPreface _tAuthor _tList of Acronyms _tChapter 1 History of Power Systems _t1.1 Thomas A.
505	0	0	_tEdison (1847-1931) _t1.2 Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) _t1.3 Battle of AC versus DC _t1.4 Today's Power Systems _tExercises _tChapter 2 Basic Components of Power Systems _t2.1 Power Plants _t2.1.1 Turbines _t2.1.2 Generators _t2.2 Transformers _t2.3 Transmission Lines _t2.4 Distribution Lines _t2.5 Conductors _t2.5.1 Bundled Conductor _t2.5.2 Static (Shield) Wire _t2.6 Substations _t2.6.1 Potential Transformer _t2.6.2 Current Transformer _t2.6.3 Circuit Breaker _t2.6.4 Disconnecting Switches _t2.6.5 Surge Arrester _t2.7 Control Centers _t2.8 Worldwide Standards for Household Voltage and Frequency _t2.8.1 Voltage Standard _t2.8.2 Frequency Standard _t2.8.2.1 Frequency of Generating Plants _t2.8.2.2 Frequency of Power Grids _tExercises _tChapter 3 Energy Resources _t3.1 Fossil Fuel _t3.1.1 Oil _t3.1.2 Natural Gas _t3.1.3 Coal _t3.2 Nuclear Fuel _tExercises _tChapter 4 Power Plants _t4.1 Hydroelectric Power Plants _t4.1.1 Types of Hydroelectric Power Plants _t4.1.2 Impoundment Hydroelectric Power Plants _t4.1.2.1 Impulse Turbine _t4.1.2.2 Reaction Turbine _t4.1.2.3 Reservoir _t4.1.2.4 Penstock _t4.1.2.5 Power Flow _t4.2 Fossil Fuel Power Plants _t4.2.1 Thermal Energy Constant _t4.2.2 Description of Thermal Power Plant _t4.3 Nuclear Power Plants _t4.3.1 Nuclear Fuel _t4.3.2 Uranium Enrichment _t4.3.3 Fission Process _t4.3.4 Fission Control _t4.3.5 Boiling Water Reactor _t4.3.6 Pressurized Water Reactor _t4.3.7 CANDU Reactor _t4.3.8 Safety Features in Nuclear Power Plants _t4.3.9 Disposal of Nuclear Waste _t4.3.9.1 Wet Storage _t4.3.9.2 Dry Storage _t4.3.9.3 Permanent Storage _tExercises _tChapter 5 Environmental Impact of Power Plants _t5.1 Environmental Concerns Related to Fossil Fuel Power Plants _t5.1.1 Sulfur Oxides _t5.1.2 Nitrogen Oxides _t5.1.3 Ozone _t5.1.4 Acid Rain _t5.1.5 Carbon Dioxide _t5.1.6 Ashes _t5.1.7 Legionnaires' Disease and Cooling Towers _t5.2 Environmental Concerns Related to Hydroelectric Power Plants _t5.2.1 Case Study: The Aswan Dam _t5.3 Environmental Concerns Related to Nuclear Power Plants _t5.3.1 Radioactive Release During Normal Operation _t5.3.2 Loss of Coolant _t5.3.3 Disposal of Radioactive Waste _tExercises _tChapter 6 Renewable Energy _t6.1 Solar Energy _t6.1.1 Passive Solar Energy System _t6.1.2 Active Solar Energy System (Photovoltaic) _t6.1.2.1 Ideal PV Model _t6.1.2.2 Effect of Irradiance and Temperature on Solar Cells _t6.1.2.3 PV Module _t6.1.2.4 Real Model of PV _t6.1.2.5 Daily Power Profile of PV Array _t6.1.2.6 Photovoltaic System Integration _t6.1.2.7 Evaluation of PV Systems _t6.2 Wind Energy _t6.2.1 Kinetic Energy of Wind _t6.2.2 Wind Turbine _t6.2.3 Aerodynamic Force _t6.2.4 Angle-of-Attack _t6.2.5 Pitch Angle _t6.2.6 Coefficient of Performance and Turbine Efficiency _t6.2.7 Operating Range of Wind Turbine _t6.2.8 Tip Speed Ratio _t6.2.9 Feathering _t6.2.10 Classifications of Wind Turbines _t6.2.10.1 Alignment of Rotating Axis _t6.2.10.2 Types of Generators _t6.2.10.3 Speed of Rotation _t6.2.11 Types of Wind Turbine _t6.2.11.1 Type 1 Wind Turbine _t6.2.11.2 Type 2 Wind Turbine _t6.2.11.3 Type 3 Wind Turbine _t6.2.11.4 Type 4 Wind Turbine _t6.2.12 Wind Farm Performance _t6.2.13 Evaluation of Wind Energy _t6.3 Hydrokinetic Systems _t6.3.1 Small Hydro Systems _t6.3.1.1 Main Components of Small Hydro System _t6.3.1.2 Effective Head _t6.3.1.3 System Efficiency _t6.3.1.4 Site Calculations _t6.3.1.5 Evaluation of Small Hydro Systems _t6.3.2 Tidal and Stream Energy System _t6.3.2.1 Barrage System _t6.3.2.2 Water Stream Energy _t6.3.2.3 Evaluation of Tidal and Stream Energy _t6.3.3 Wave Energy System _t6.3.3.1 Buoyant Moored System _t6.3.3.2 Hinged Contour System _t6.3.3.3 Oscillating Water Column System _t6.3.3.4 Evaluation of Wave Energy _t6.4 Geothermal Energy _t6.4.1 Heat Pump _t6.4.2 Geothermal Electricity _t6.4.2.1 Geothermal Reservoir _t6.4.2.2 Hot Dry Rock _t6.4.3 Geothermal Power Plants _t6.4.3.1 Evaluation of Geothermal Energy _t6.5 Biomass Energy _t6.6 Fuel Cell _t6.6.1 Hydrogen Fuel _t6.6.2 Types of Fuel Cells _t6.6.2.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell _t6.6.2.2 Alkaline Fuel Cell _t6.6.2.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell _t6.6.2.4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell _t6.6.2.5 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell _t6.6.2.6 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell _t6.6.3 Hydrogen Economy _t6.6.4 Modeling of Ideal Fuel Cells _t6.6.4.1 Thermal Process of Fuel Cells _t6.6.4.2 Electrical Process of Fuel Cells _t6.6.5 Modeling of Actual Fuel Cells _t6.6.5.1 Polarization Characteristics of Fuel Cells _t6.6.6 Evaluation of Fuel Cells _t6.6.7 Fuel Cells and the Environment _t6.6.7.1 Generation of Hydrogen _t6.6.7.2 Safety of Hydrogen _t6.7 Intermittency of Renewable Systems _t6.8 Energy Storage Systems _t6.8.1 Pumped Hydro Storage _t6.8.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage _t6.8.3 Batteries _t6.8.4 Flywheels _tExercises _tChapter 7 Alternating Current Circuits _t7.1 Alternating Current Waveform _t7.2 Root Mean Square _t7.3 Phase Shift _t7.4 Concept of Phasors _t7.5 Complex Number Analysis _t7.6 Complex Impedance _t7.6.1 Series Impedance _t7.6.2 Parallel Impedance _t7.7 Electric Power _t7.7.1 Real Power _t7.7.2 Reactive Power _t7.7.3 Complex Power _t7.7.4 Summary of AC Phasors _t7.7.5 Power Factor _t7.7.6 Problems Related to Reactive Power _t7.7.7 Power Factor Correction _t7.8 Electric Energy _tExercises _tChapter 8 Three-Phase Systems _t8.1 Generation of Three-Phase Voltages _t8.2 Connections of Three-Phase Circuits _t8.2.1 Wye-Connected Balanced Source _t8.2.2 Delta-Connected Balanced Source _t8.2.3 Wye-Connected Balanced Load _t8.2.4 Delta-Connected Balanced Load _t8.2.5 Circuits with Mixed Connections _t8.2.6 Wye-Delta Transformation _t8.3 Power Calculations of Balanced Three-Phase Circuits _t8.3.1 Three-Phase Power of Balanced Wye Loads _t8.3.2 Three-Phase Power of Balanced Delta Loads _tExercises _tChapter 9 Electric Safety _t9.1 Electric Shock _t9.1.1 Current Limits of Electric Shocks _t9.1.2 Factors Determining the Severity of Electric Shocks _t9.1.2.1 Effect of Voltage _t9.1.2.2 Effect of Current _t9.1.2.3 Effect of Body Resistance _t9.1.2.4 Effect of Current Pathway _t9.1.2.5 Effect of Shock Duration _t9.1.2.6 Effect of Frequency _t9.1.2.7 Effect of Ground Resistance _t9.2 Ground Resistance _t9.2.1 Ground Resistance of Objects _t9.2.2 Measuring Ground Resistance of Objects _t9.2.3 Ground Resistance of People _t9.3 Touch and Step Potentials _t9.3.1 Touch Potential _t9.3.2 Step Potential _t9.4 Electric Safety at Home _t9.4.1 Neutral versus Ground _t9.4.1.1 Grounding Chassis _t9.4.1.2 Bonding Chassis to Neutral _t9.4.1.3 Grounding Chassis and Bonding Ground to Neutral _t9.4.2 Dwelling Distribution Circuits _t9.4.3 Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter _t9.4.4 Neutral Integrity _t9.4.5 World's Residential Grounding Practices _t9.5 Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Its Health Effects _t9.5.1 Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields _t9.5.2 Biological Effects of Magnetic Field _t9.5.3 Standards for Magnetic Field _tExercises _tChapter 10 Power Electronics _t10.1 Power Electronic Devices _t10.1.1 Solid-State Diodes _t10.1.2 Transistors _t10.1.2.1 Bipolar Junction Transistor _t10.1.2.2 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor _t10.1.3 Thyristors _t10.1.3.1 Silicon-Controlled Rectifier _t10.1.3.2 Silicon Diode for Alternating Current _t10.1.4 Hybrid Power Electronic Devices _t10.1.4.1 Darlington Transistor _t10.1.4.2 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor _t10.2 Solid-State Switching Circuits _t10.2.1 AC/DC Converters _t10.2.1.1 Rectifier Circuits _t10.2.1.2 Voltage-Controlled Circuits _t10.2.1.3 Constant-Current Circuits _t10.2.1.4 Three-Phase Circuits _t10.2.2 DC/DC Converters _t10.2.2.1 Buck Converter _t10.2.2.2 Boost Converter _t10.2.2.3 Buck-Boost Converter _t10.2.3 DC/AC Converters _t10.2.3.1 Single-Phase DC/AC Converter _t10.2.3.2 Three-Phase DC/AC Converter _t10.2.3.3 Pulse Width Modulation _t10.2.4 AC/AC Converters _tExercises _tChapter 11 Transformers _t11.1 Theory of Operation _t11.1.1 Voltage Ratio _t11.1.2 Current Ratio _t11.1.3 Reflected Load Impedance _t11.1.4 Transformer Ratings _t11.2 Multi-Winding Transformer _t11.3 Autotransformer _t11.4 Three-Phase Transformer _t11.4.1 Three-Phase Transformer Ratings _t11.4.1.1 Wye-Wye Transformer _t11.4.1.2 Delta-Delta Transformer _t11.4.1.3 Wye-Delta
505	0	0	_t Transformer _t11.4.2 Transformer Bank _t11.5 Actual Transformer _t11.5.1 Analysis of Actual Transformer _t11.5.2 Transformer Efficiency _t11.5.3 Voltage Regulation _tExercises _tChapter 12 Electric Machines _t12.1 Rotating Magnetic Field _t12.2 Rotating Induction Motor _t12.2.1 Rotation of Induction Motor _t12.2.2 Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor _t12.2.3 Power Analysis _t12.2.4 Speed-Torque Relationship _t12.2.5 Starting Torque and Starting Current _t12.2.6 Maximum Torque _t12.2.7 Starting Methods _t12.2.7.1 Voltage Reduction _t12.2.7.2 Insertion of Resistance _t12.3 Linear Induction Motor _t12.3.1 Wheeled Linear Induction Motor _t12.3.2 Magnetically Levitated Induction Motor _t12.4 Induction Generator _t12.5 Synchronous Generator _t12.5.1 Synchronous Generator Connected to Infinite Bus _t12.5.1.1 Power of Synchronous Generator _t12.5.2 Synchronous Generator Connected to Infinite Bus through a Transmission Line _t12.5.3 Increase Transmission Capacity _t12.5.3.1 Increasing Transmission Capacity by Using Series Capacitor _t12.5.3.2 Increasing Transmission Capacity by Using Parallel Lines _t12.6 Synchronous Motor _t12.6.1 Power of Synchronous Motor _t12.6.2 Reactive Power Control and Synchronous Condenser _t12.6.3 Motor Torque _t12.7 Direct Current Motor _t12.7.1 Theory of Operation of DC Motor _t12.7.2 Starting of DC Motor _t12.7.3 Speed Control of DC Motor _t12.8 Stepper Motor _t12.8.1 Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor _t12.8.2 Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor _t12.8.3 Hybrid Stepper Motor _t12.8.4 Holding State of Stepper Motor _t12.8.5 Rotating Stepper Motor _t12.9 Single-Phase Motors _t12.9.1 Split-Phase Motors _t12.9.2 Capacitor Starting Motors _t12.9.3 Shaded-Pole Motors _tExercises _tChapter 13 Power Quality _t13.1 Voltage Problems _t13.1.1 Voltage Flickers _t13.1.2 Voltage Sag _t13.2 Harmonic Problems _t13.2.1 Harmonic Distortion of Electric Loads _t13.2.2 Resonance due to Harmonics _t13.2.3 Effect of Harmonics on Transmission Lines and Cables _t13.2.4 Effect of Harmonics on Capacitor Banks _t13.2.5 Effect of Harmonics on Electric Machines _t13.2.6 Effect of Harmonics on Electric Power _t13.2.7 Effect of Harmonics on Communications _tExercises _tChapter 14 Power Grid and Blackouts _t14.1 Topology of Power Systems _t14.1.1 Enhancing Power System Reliability by Adding Transmission Lines _t14.1.2 Enhancing Power System Reliability by Adding Generation _t14.2 Analysis of Power Networks _t14.3 Electric Energy Demand _t14.4 Trading Electric Energy _t14.5 World Wide Web of Power _t14.6 Anatomy of Blackouts _t14.6.1 Balance of Electric Power _t14.6.2 Balance of Electrical and Mechanical Powers _t14.6.2.1 Control Actions for Decreased Demand _t14.6.2.2 Control Actions for Increased Demand _t14.7 Blackout Scenarios _t14.7.1 Great Northeast Blackout of 1965 _t14.7.2 Great Blackout of 1977 _t14.7.3 Great Blackout of 2003 _tExercises _tChapter 15 Future Power Systems _t15.1 Smart Grid _t15.1.1 Intelligent Monitoring _t15.1.2 Smart House _t15.1.3 Self-Diagnosis and Self-Healing _t15.2 Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles _t15.3 Alternative Resources _t15.4 Less Polluting Power Plants _t15.5 Distributed Generation _t15.6 Power Electronics _t15.7 Enhanced Reliability _t15.8 Intelligent Operation, Maintenance, and Training _t15.9 Space Power Plants _tExercises _tAppendix A Units and Symbols _tAppendix B Conversions _tAppendix C Key Parameters _tAppendix D Inductors _tAppendix E Key Integrals _tIndex
520			_a"Along with the standard topics of power electronics and electromechanical conversion, this popular text covers energy resources, power plants, environmental impacts of power generation, power system operation, renewable energy, and electrical safety. Focusing on issues encountered daily in practice, the author includes examples based on real systems and data. Now in color, this third edition offers new and expanded coverage on the failure modes of nuclear power plants, interface and integration issues, stray voltage and impulse shocks, the circuits in wind and solar systems, and smart grid technology"-- _cProvided by publisher
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index
650		0	_aPower electronics
650		0	_aElectric power systems
830		0	_9108344 _aPower electronics and applications series
900			_a34774
942			_2lcc _cKT
999			_c31977 _d31977